Proposal for Handicraft

PROPOSAL OF MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT 1. 0 INTRODUCTION * This product is owned by MODERN AND CLASSIC HANDICRAFT SDN BHD. This company is located Bandar Hilir, Melaka. Handicraft is a product made by human’s hands without using any machinery or equipment. Generally handicraft means art or skills of hands are not usually dined with machines but rather with hand tools. The price that we offer is very affordable to our customer. 2. 0 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION 3. 1 This company’s product is handicraft basket newspaper. It is made from recycling of paper such as old newspaper. 3. Our company has many competitors of handicraft such as a cane handicrafts, wood handicrafts, bamboo handicrafts, and shell handicrafts. Their design and collection very impressive and modern in the global design trend. Plus, they all have a great and cute design and have a lot of experience and ideas in the creation of handicraft. 3. 3 Our product features is made from newspaper. The creation are beau tiful and very high artistic. It does also promote recycling, have a light weight and easy to carry anywhere, durable, strong, very suitable in place in any room in the house and of course comes with cheap price. . 4 Our special features of product newspapers additional accessories such as ribbons to make a decoration into our product. It is to attract the people to buy our product because it is different from other products. 3. 5 Our product must be in the market because it is a very different product that other. An important that comes from this product is, it is made by hand. Moreover, it did not use any machine that harms an environment. Our product is also a terms combination in modern and classic handicraft.Another thing is, our main aim for this product to be on the market is, to avoid more pollution happen in our environment. Overall, this product is comes from the newspaper and 100% handmade product. It is value for the customers and the quality of the product is guaranteed . In this product, the customer also can find another design instead the small one and the big one. Example, the basket and dustbin. 3. 6 Our product is suitable for the bride, house wife, traditional and handicraft collector, and also some restaurant owner.This target of customers will likely to buy this product for specific purpose. For example the restaurant owner will buy our product for unique decoration of the table to place tissues. Same also goes to house wife. 3. 0 The objectives of our company are: 4. 7 To introduce to the people the uniqueness of our product that is comes from the newspaper. * The main option to produce this handicraft is to reduce the pollution and show benefit of that comes from recycles work. It is also will show the uniqueness about product that made by hands and uses the newspaper as the main item.We did not use any machines, so it will reduce many cost and can save the budget to produce our product. 4. 8 To share an interest from the shareholders of making a product that can build a good environment. * Our shareholders want to have a good environment in order to produce any product. We decide to bring our company name as a company that have a safe environment in workplace, also bring the interest of the shareholder. It can be proven by there’s no pollution like the factories of making any handicraft product.In terms to get any profit, we also remain the importance that we have care about our environment 4. 9 To market a various shape of handicraft product. * Our product is comes with various shape that will catch the interest of the consumer. Another important objective that we hold in this company is to bring a large marketing of our product. Instead people want to using a product to store a things from a plastic product, we want to make a new marketing about to store a product that comes from recycle things, and to give an awareness to the consumer about reduction of pollution. * 4. SIGNIFICANCE OF OUR COMPANY: 5. 10 To get the profit from a good product that we have made It is a valuable works that comes from a hand. Thus, it is important for the company to get the real profit from the product, so the worker in the company will feel the value that comes from the product. Instead, this is new innovation that the company wants to bring to the consumer. By only using a newspaper, there’s many benefit that everyone can share. 5. 11 To ensure that customers are satisfied with the our design Our target are to give our customer believe and satisfy with our design and collection.Although, we want them feel happy and should collect or buy our product again. It is because we will get satisfication our design with affordable price. 5. 12 To protect the environment Newspapers could be used to protect the environment and prevent pollution. Our product can also save money by recycling newspapers. Nowadays, there’s so many production of the products. People just want to get the profit, but didnà ¢â‚¬â„¢t think the effects that it will brings to environment. By this product, it will show the important on how the way effective of protect the environment.

To Kill a Mokingbird Journals

Never kill a mocking bird A mockingbird is a harmless bird that makes the world more pleasant. In To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee, the mockingbird symbolizes Boo Radley and Tom Robinson, who were both peaceful people who never did any harm. To kill or harm them would be a sin. Scout's father, Atticus, tells Scout and Jem, â€Å"I'd rather you shoot at tin cans in the backyard, but I know you'll go after birds. Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit'em, but remember it's a sin to kill a mockingbird. â€Å"(p. 69) The mockingbird symbolizes these two characters because it does not have its own song.Whereas, the blue jay is loud and obnoxious, the mockingbird only sings other birds' songs. Therefore, the mockingbird is seen through the other birds. The people of Maycomb only knew Boo Radley and Tom Robinson by what others said about them. Both of these characters do not really have their own â€Å"song† in a sense, and therefore, are characterized by other people' s viewpoints. This statement is a great metaphor and comparison of Boo and Tom. They keep to themselves and only want to help out the community. Personally I do have a Boo Radley in my life. My mom likes to keep to herself and doesn’t really like to go out places.She always says that she is fine where she lives and she would never try to change the people around her. She really is a mockingbird she loves to cook and care for us. I know that if it was on her hands to save us and god forbid her being harmed in return, she is the angel of the family and even though she tries to keep to herself we and she knows that e love her very much. She is a very calm person and only cares for those around her. First day of school Scout had a really bad first day of school. She started off with the wrong foot with her teacher. Although she wanted to go to school, Scout had a horrific day.Her teacher was upset because Scout could read. She also tells her that she is not allowed to read out lo ud. The teacher loans the Cunningham money for his lunch. He says he can pay her back tomorrow, Scout explains that he won't be able to because he is from a poor family. Scout then gets her hands hit with a ruler. And at the end of hat school day, scout meets the Cunningham and beats him up in attempt to get back at him for making her start off the school on the wrong foot. I’m not a big fan of school. But then again, who is? I remember my first day of school, in America.It was bad I had no idea how to speak English due to that I was raised in Mexico. Kids would make fun and taunt me. It was really frustrating for me up through middle school until I â€Å"mastered† the language. I really do thank the kids that made fun of me though. It helped me try harder and harder. I don’t like to fight, and it’s kind of ironic because my dad always said â€Å"fight with your brain. Show them that you are in fact better than them. † And so I did I tried my harde st to be where I am now. Dead bird In to kill a mocking bird, Tom Robinson was convicted of a crime he did not commit.He was accused and convicted of raping Mayella Ewell, but the truth was that he never raped Mayella. It was all a cover up for Bob Ewell, Mayella’s father, for beating Mayella. The shown above is a mockingbird. As you can see it has been shot and it is dead, in the novel Atticus states that you should never kill a mocking bird because it is a sin. But this foreshadow for Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is convicted purely because he is a black man and his accuser is white. The evidence is in his favor, that race is clearly the single defining factor in the jury's decision.Atticus fights against racism, and a few other townspeople are on his side, including Miss Maudie and Judge Taylor. Jem and Scout also believe in racial equality, but are obviously in the minority because they’re kids. After the trial, Tom was taken to Enfield Prison Farm, which was about 7 0 miles away. This is where he would attempt to escape and be shot to death. This is a very ugly side of the world. Tom was killed for a crime he did not commit. It was al because he was balck and he lived on the south. Going back to his rights there were no blacks on the jury. Also he stated that he felt sorry for the girl. he helped when she asked for it.He was only there to help and he ot stabbed in the back by them. Victory without winning. Well, the question is how Atticus is victorious, not whether or not he won the case. Think about it, if you read the book. He got to bring out the truth, and he stood for right against everyone, even though it might cost him his place in the society of that small town. Ultimately, people respected him. Racism such as in To Kill a Mockingbird sometimes goes on because individuals do not feel racist but they continue in fear of their neighbors thoughts. Atticus stood for the moral high ground regardless of people and his defense was flawless.Ev en though the jury still voted out of fear and ignorance. Atticus really shows what the right thing to do is and that help the community as much as you can. Miss Maudie considers this as progress and a positive step towards real justice, although it may be a small, it is still â€Å"one in the right direction†. Atticus adds that although he cannot be sure who it was, at least one person on the jury took an initial stance for Tom's innocence, and he thinks that person was Mr. Cunningham. He guesses this from the awkward writing on the slip of paper used to write the verdict.Atticus makes a great fight for justice in this case and is respected in his whole town. I think that now people will start to respect the African americans in their community because they’ve been mistreated for so long and Atticus makes the first step in that town. Tree Findings One day Scout finds gum in the tree near the Radley home. On the last day of school the Jem and Scout walked home together in their way, they find a package covered with foil and containing two scrubbed, Indian-head pennies and two Soap Dolls of a boy and a girl  that looked like them in the tree near the Radley Place.They think Boo put them there for them to find. Throughout the story the kids try to get a peek at Boo but they never can, but in many pccasion Boo helps the kids and protects them. Near the end of the story Boo saves Jem And Scout from nearly being killed. He kills Bob Ewell by stabbing him, thus saving the Finches. Boo Radley really remind me of my grandparents. When I was a kid they would always hide gifts around the house, and told us to find them, once year they hid stuff on the trees in or back yard and it took us 2 days to find them all.They really knew how to make us waste time and play around. Another similarity between them is that they always tried to protect us even if had done something bad. They would always tell my mom not to yell us for doing bad stuff, but she still did . My grandparents really took care of us when we were young and I’m really thankful for it. Role Model. Atticus can be described as a calm, courageous, intelligent and intellectual man, who understands human nature and f moral values in life. Jem makes it clear that he is his role model. He wants to be just like him.They both show their need for each other. Throughout the novel, their relationship continually grows stronger as they remain supportive for each other. In the beginning He felt humiliated because Atticus was different from other parents. Atticus was a lot older and did not fish and hunt like other parents. Jem’s feelings towards Atticus change. When, the mad dog was coming towards the finch’s home and Atticus is called immediately. To Jem’s greatest surprise, Atticus shoots the dog without any hesitation. My role model Is my father. He has been though a lot during his life.From him getting married when he was 16. He has made it this far in lif e with 3 kids that look up to him. He has had 2 vertebral operation and an arm operation and he is still o top of his â€Å"game†. My father is the strongest man in the world and I respect him for being who he is. He Is a straight forward man and isn’t afraid to speak his mind. He would always tell me to â€Å"fight with my brain and not my arms† which I find very ironic due to that that is what is said in the novel. he has helped me through so much and I thank god for giving me the best father of them all.No offence to all other fathers but mine is the best. Growing up. Scout and Jem grew up in a small town where everyone knew everyone, and everybody followed the same costumes. But her family was different. They didn’t follow the costumes they adopted Atticus’ way of life and way to see it. Most of the people from Maycomb were arrogant, racist, ignorant man from the south. Atticus was different he didn’t believe in racism he stood for what was right at all times and taught his children this way. Scout and Jem had not sin in their hearts but they knew right from wrong.They knew that the people of Maycomb were ignorant and were treating not only Tom Robinson but the other blacks and boo the same way. The way I was raised I was always told to not look down on people. My parents always said that everyone is going to be better than you at some things and you have to deal with it and if you don’t want to, well then try harder. I was always told not to discriminate others because I would be discriminated too, for being Hispanic. The one thing I really never want to lose is respect. Respect is the most important feature to have if you have respect you have trust and everything derives from respect.If you don’t have respect you don’t have anything, Atticus had a lot of respect from other he was the talk of the town. He and his family gained a lot of respect because of Atticus and how he made a step forward and set an example in his town. Don’t judge a book by its cover. Susan Boyle is a Scottish singer who came to public attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV show Britain's Got Talent singing â€Å"I Dreamed a Dream†. At the beginning she seemed unimpressive she seemed like she was just going to embarrass herself. People thought she had no talent and that she was goober.Simon the judge from Britain’s got talent was very skeptical and even laughed at her so did many people from the audience. But to their surprise Susan shut them and up and showed them who was boss. She was an extraordinary singer. Claps and cheers were heard from the stands. When you watch the video of the performance it will sure give you goose bumps. Jem and scout were also skeptical about Atticus. He never played football or went hunting like all the other parents. He wouldn’t even teach them how to use the air rifles when he bought them for them. They were ashamed of him because he wasn’t very manly or outdoorsy.But one day when a mad dog was heading towards the finch’s house Atticus was called home from the city in attempt to protect his kids. To everyone’s surprise Atticus shot the dog in the head with one bullet, while the dog was running. This really shocked Scout and Jem because they had never seen this side of their father. Heck Tate told the kids that his father was nicknamed â€Å"one shot finch† for his great accuracy with guns. Both Atticus and Susan surprised the people around them because they didn’t appear to have the required abilities to do what did, but they ended up being pretty darn good at it.

Does Applying Early Decision Increase My Chances?

Students with their hearts set on attending a specific college often want to know how they can increase their odds of acceptance. Will attending summer programs give them a boost? How about contacting a local alumna? We hear these questions a lot, but there’s one we hear far more often than all the others—will applying early decision increase my chances? It was previously believed that applying early decision or early action offered no significant advantage to applying regular decision at most colleges. Is this still the case? Keep reading to find out how applying early decision can impact your odds of acceptance. It’s easy enough to look up acceptance rates, and anyone who does so will notice that most schools have higher acceptance rates for early decision applicants, sometimes significantly so. To the untrained eye, this might make it seem like early decision is an easier round of admissions, but this ignores a big piece of the puzzle. Students who apply early decision might be more qualified overall than those who apply regular decision. After all, they are the students who have decided months ahead of time where they want to attend college. Maybe this also means they are the same students who have been ahead of other curves throughout their high school years. While it’s hard to find statistics about the average SAT or GPA of early decision applicant pools, it’s safe to say that students who apply early are forward thinking planners who pay close attention to detail. Could this alone account for the sometimes very large discrepancy between acceptance rates? At , we have experience working with thousands of college hopefuls and we have access to thousands of other data points gathered through our own research. While we used to believe that the higher acceptance rates of early decision programs were accounted for by more highly qualified applicants, we now believe that the difference in acceptance rates between early and regular decision cannot entirely be accounted for by differences in the applicant pool. Our data shows that applicants across the board have a higher chance of gaining acceptance when they apply through early decision, even when differences in candidate strength are accounted for. This means that the average student is more likely to get in when he or she applies early decision than when the same student applies regular decision to the same school.    Estimating your chance of getting into a college is not easy in today’s competitive environment. Thankfully, with our state-of-the-art software and data, we can analyze your academic and extracurricular profile and estimate your chances. Our profile analysis tool can also help you identify the improvement you need to make to enter your dream school. Early decision applicants are a sure thing for colleges, many of which want to accurately predict their yield. Yield is an important factor for colleges. Essentially, it is the percent of accepted students who end up enrolling. Not only is this an important factor to predict accurately for financial purposes (since a full class brings more tuition), but it is also weighed by many college rankings. Early decision applicants help a college to more accurately predict yield because they have committed to attending even before they are offered an acceptance. As Karen Richardson, the dean of undergraduate admissions and enrollment management at Tufts says, â€Å"The biggest difference between ED and students is that those who apply ED have already decided that Tufts is the place that they want to be. As the ED pool has grown and gotten stronger, it’s difficult to say ‘no’ to good students who are good fits and who have made the commitment to attend if accepted.† Richardson goes on to note that Tufts specifically does not offer Early Action, because its non-binding nature makes yield projections difficult. With so many qualified candidates now applying through early decision programs, it’s easy to see why colleges are apt to favor them. In fact, at many schools, early decision applicants are accepted at rates 10-12% higher than regular decision applicants. While it doesn’t offer as significant a boost as early decision, most early action programs still provide some admissions advantage. For Single-Choice Early Action or Restrictive Early Action programs, the admissions benefits can be around 6-8%, while for normal Early Action, the admissions benefits hover around 4-6%. While these might seem negligible, keep in mind that the overall acceptance rate at many top schools is now below 10%. A 6 point advantage can be significant when we’re talking about such low acceptance rates. Early action programs probably don’t offer as big of an advantage as early decision because they don’t offer as big of an advantage to colleges, either. Early action, even single-choice or restrictive early action, still leave room for accepted students to change their mind and attend another school. While the applicant’s demonstrated interest is still seen as an advantage to admissions committees, it isn’t as significant as the sure bet that early decision applicants represent. Of course, to every rule there is an exception, and this is no different. While most colleges do accept early decision and even early action students at higher rates, this isn’t true of all schools across the board. Most notably, the early action acceptance rate at MIT is just 6.9%, compared to the regular decision acceptance rate of 6.7%. So, while most colleges do favor early decision candidates, the degree to which this occurs varies from one school to another, and at some schools, it can even be insignificant. To learn more about optimizing your chances of getting into your top choice school, consider enlisting the help of ’s Applications Guidance service. Here, you will be paired with a personal admissions specialist from a top a college who can provide step-by-step guidance through the entire application process.

BRAPS Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BRAPS - Coursework Example It is focusing on developing branches in rural areas as well (Barclays.com- About Us, 2011). The main products offered by the company include commercial banking, retail banking, private equity, investment management, and investment banking. They have also introduced the latest service of trading iShares (Barclays.com- Products and Services, 2011). Barclays is managed by Marcus Agius, the team director who joined the company’s board in 2006 replacing Mathew Barrett as chairperson in 2007 (Barclays.com- About Us, 2011). The Barclays Vision is dedicated to being the international premier financial and banking services. They focus on obtaining superior financial and functional outcomes while keeping the international business standard. These unchanging anticipations offer the basis for our dedication to those with whom we associate. Barclays’ mission statement is to be creative, client-based Group, which delivers excellent products and services, make sure superb careers for our people, and participate actively to the society in which we work and live (Barclays.com- Executing our Strategy, 2011). Barclays bank has more than 2000 UK high street branches along with the Woolwich branches. Internationally, Barclays has more than 5200 branches with most 24/7 cash machine that can be used by Barclays clients as well as other customers at a fee. There are around 150,000 employees working at Barclays throughout the world. Barclays has an international market share as well as the local market share. This is an international corporation and, therefore, it operates worldwide. The financial data for the year 2010 is that the company boosted of 31.440 billion pounds, while their operating income was 6.065 billion pounds (Barclays.com – Annual report, 2011). The top competitors of Barclay bank include American Express Company, Capital One Financial Corporation, and Alliances Data Systems Corporation.

The Kangxi Emperor and the Jesuit Mission in China Essay

The Kangxi Emperor and the Jesuit Mission in China - Essay Example I helmed a treaty to insure peace between our peoples. We Chinese are masters of war but are first and foremost lords of peace and order. All things in the cosmos have an order and working. War is like a heavy stone hammer: Sometimes necessary to fix a major problem, but it usually does more damage and is only wielded by clumsy fools. I view my providence over China as a sculptor with a fine chisel: There is perfection underneath the stone; all I had to do was bring it out. What do you think of the West? It would be impolitic to say too much, even for an Emperor. The Russians are like their beloved bears: Sometimes foolish, but more often cunning. I hope that, in the future, our great peoples will cooperate more than bicker. I much liked your Jehovah's Witnesses and your Christians, but unfortunately, they ended up making trouble. Your technology is amazing. You have taken our knowledge, true, but you have advanced it. But ultimately, I believe it will all come back to China. We do n ot take anything, technology or empire, lightly: We let it stand the test of time. Maybe you will release demons you are not ready for. What would you advise for future rulers? Be frugal. In times of prosperity, your frugality secures the loyalty of merchants, nobles and important people within your empire. I personally grew the empire's wealth by three-fold. In times of austerity and hardship, your frugality allows you to be a model to your people. Confucius taught us that good behavior is caused by good models: A good father is a good model for his sons and daughters, a good emperor is a good model for his people. I once said, â€Å"Don't have too much sex when you are young...For example, I only have 300 women in my palace.† Leaders have done many unwise things for sex. Never forget the cultural. Preserving the words of sages, philosophers, mathematicians and astronomers can be ten times more important than your greatest military conquests. Your Romans fought many battles that no one will remember, but all will remember their language and technological advancement. My friend K'ang-shi. I believe honestly that your record, though not free from blemishes (and no one, not even the Jade Emperor, is free of tarnish), will be one of greatness. China was a powerful empire, and yet you did not commit it to overreach. You secured Taiwan but did not assault Korea or Japan. When the Three Feudatories Revolt began, you wisely pursued the long path rather than the short one, granting ordinary people clemency and staying away from the battlefield much as you yearned to fight. You drove back Russia but secured peace. You also acted to make China a leader. You secured a truce in Vietnam. You brought great honor to China. Perhaps you acted too quickly as regards the Christians, however. I know how it tormented you, being forced to ban these people you liked. But I think you took the short view here. The Western Pope may have condemned our rites, but that was no reaso n to sink to his level. When the Buddhists came to China, they pursued One Way, Three Paths with our Taoists and Confucians. This would have been the wiser course of action. Yet what is perhaps the most impressive about you is that you were a model Emperor.

Planning and carrying out a literacy activity to meet the learning Essay

Planning and carrying out a literacy activity to meet the learning goals - Essay Example Ideas in practice have been considered in a variety of genres to affect children writing skills. Children possess a number of attributes that enable them to be effective in writing. Such attributes include developing consistent spelling skills, recognition, and awareness in phonologies and phonemes, ability to form alphabetical letters comfortably, develop the writing concept, having a vocabulary in a wide range, and achieving oneself expression through writing. Writing flourishes in an environment with celebrated examples and displays for children writing on their own. The opportunities and purpose for writing are linked to the curriculum activities. Repeated writing and use of writing materials demonstrate what the children are doing in a classroom. It is important that pupils are trained to elaborate sentences from a tender age. One plans a snowman activity by first selecting the theme. Here, alphabetical letters are selected to represent a given word. For example, we can consider letter S for snow or snowflake.   Define the keywords to a student. Snow is a precipitate from such as sleet, hail or rain that drops from clouds. A snowflake is ice crystals collectively formed in and beneath a cloud during rainfall. Alphabet S is printed and displayed on materials chosen. In this context, I will encourage each of the four boys and two girls to identify the letter on the display. Due to multilingual and monolingual children in my class, I will ensure reading is sound and repetitive.     ... For example, we can consider letter S for snow or snowflake. Secondly we analyze activities and instructions. Define the key words to student. Snow is a precipitate form such as sleet, hail or rain that drops from clouds. A snowflake is ice crystals collectively formed in and beneath a cloud during rainfall. Alphabet S is printed and displayed on materials chosen. In this context, I will encourage each of the four boys and two girls to identify the letter on the display. Due to multilingual and monolingual children in my class, I will ensure reading is sound and repetitive. They will trace alphabets in both lower and upper case by using fingers. Demonstrate to children on how to trace the letter by emphasizing the use of continuous stroke through finger and pencil tracing. Children are to color the images with a range of materials. To reinforce the letter practice, use a mini book and activity page to identify the related words. Ask children to also give other words with the same sou nd as you write them on the board. Displays of the alphabet posts and coloring images can also be used. Lastly, materials for the activity are chosen these materials are to meet all the needs of the four boys and two girls. They include; color poster, coloring page, handwriting worksheet, control charts, writing paper, printable lined paper, and theme coloring pages. Letters on the sand paper is also required to enable a child who requires the sense of touch to identify the alphabets. Broad display working sheet will be provided to the deaf child. In conjunction with working sheets of the American Sign Language, the deaf child will be able to identify the alphabets. In addition, the blind will require audio devices for

Aston Martin Crash Structure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Aston Martin Crash Structure - Coursework Example Furthermore, it is required to be as light as possible in order to optimize the fuel economy and increase the car performance. An Aston Martin crash beam has had various designs over the years, and each of the designs has its drawbacks and benefits (Zhao, 2013). The adventure with the composite materials started in 1953 and has advanced. The composites have demonstrated reliability, fatigue resistance, lightweight, and easy moulding to any shape; the composites are attractive alternatives to metals. Despite their merits, there are minimal transfers from metals to the composites in the automotive industry (Startsev, Ponomareva and Anikhovskaya, 2013). For proper utilisation of the composites in crash beam manufacture, issue of: design, structural simulation, light-weighting, modelling, the crashworthiness, joining, manufacturing, repair, recycling and the new material concepts. Priorities in the manufacture of the crash beam include: The identification and addressing of the material r esearch, for composites, needs of the crash structure is required, and can be achieved via the new and improved concepts or technologies for the composite material for crash beam applications that lead to an increased utilisation of the composites and improved crash beam solutions (Startsev, Ponomareva and Anikhovskaya, 2013). The composite processing durations are lengthy, their raw materials, for example resins and fibres are relatively expensive, in addition, it not easy to achieve high quality object surface finishes.

Abbey Wood Playhouses Ticketing System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Abbey Wood Playhouses Ticketing System - Essay Example If it's a casual booking than it can be So pseudo code for this application will be similar to below for booking. if Show date is > 7 day and day = Sunday Then Check for the seat availability If seat(s) is(are) available, Check is patron is holding any discount ( i.e. student or other discount) then ticket price = 2.5 and let the system book the ticket If it's a bulk booking ( i.e. seats > 5 and Seats then ticket price = 2.0 and let the system book the ticket Else If there is no discount then price = 3.0 and let system book the ticket. End if End if End if Pseudo code for this application will be similar to below for cancelling. if Show date is > 7 day and day = Sunday Then Ask for seat to be cancelled. If seat is in database then allow cancellation. Else Show error message that system can't cancel the ticket. End if End If. 3. Creating the Application in Visual Basic .NET. Following program has been written as per the above design. This program has been written using Visual Basic .NET. Attached is the source code of the different forms and module. Module code with ticket as an object: Option Explicit Type ticket patron_name As String * 30 patron_phone As String * 10 patron_email As String * 30 patron_seat As String * 30 seat_status As String * 2 show_date As Date price As Double ID As Integer End Type Source for designing the form1. Private Sub Command1_Click() Form4.Show Form1.Hide End Sub Private Sub Command2_Click() Form2.Show Form1.Hide End Sub Private Sub Command3_Click() Form5.Show Form1.Hide End Sub Source for designing the form2. Option Explicit Dim position As Integer Dim rec As ticket Dim fileno As... This application has now been modified so that it uses the Microsoft access database, rather than a random access file. Following is the attached Access database file which has been created when data was entered in this application.

Comparative Analysis of Million dollar Baby and A Small, Good Thing Essay

Comparative Analysis of Million dollar Baby and A Small, Good Thing - Essay Example X. Toole's "Million $$$ Baby" and the connection of the Weisses and the baker in Raymond Carver's "A Small, Good Thing." The characters of Frankie Dunn and the baker both find themselves making a moral choice. For Frankie, he must choose whether to act upon Maggie's request for euthanasia. Maggie first won his respect by through her own dedication to boxing, the sport that he loves; through the rise and collapse of her career, Frankie has come to view her like a daughter. Frankie's initial hesitation in training Maggie hinged around his dislike of seeing a woman get hurt, and it is this chivalrous instinct that gnaws at him when Maggie becomes quadriplegic and suicidal. The baker also has a moral foundation for his actions: he comments working that 2/3 of his day is spent working in the bakery. He has every right to expect payment for his work but perhaps not the right to seek restitution in the manner that he does. When the baker is informed of the child's death, he is appropriately chagrinned to have made the harassing phone calls. With what little humanity he is able to salvage, the baker offers th e Weiss couple food, observing that "Eating is a small, good thing in a time like this." (Carver 88). By this he acknowledges that some things in life cannot be changed, but can only be endured. Food will comfort and sustain the body, giving it the strength to continue. Frankie's choice bears a greater price: as a reformed Catholic, he understands that he damns his soul through assisting Maggie with suicide. His love for her overrides the sacrifice of his soul - and hers as well - to help her escape the suffering. Maggie's relationship with Frankie develops from that of mentor and trainer to father figure. With the loss of her father at the age of 12, Maggie has floated without direction for most of her life until discovering boxing and, through it, Frankie Dunn. In comparison to her sycophantic relatives, Frankie is the only person who genuinely cares for Maggie. When Maggie attempts suicide by biting off her tongue, Frank realizes the extent of her anguish. She has explained to him the story of her father putting the dog out of its misery; when she lies there as tongue-less as her father became, the parallel is complete. He has taught her how to balance, how to move, even how to breathe and now she needs him to allow her to die. Frank understands her need, and, just as he was the only one who could help her to realize her dreams, he is the only one she can ask to end her pain. The roles are essentially reversed with the Weiss couple and their son. They are unable to communicate with him and can only pray for his recovery. The harassing phone calls from the baker prove to be a blessing in disguise, for it is the only distraction they have from ruminating about the status of the Scotty. When the child dies, the recognition and confrontation at the bakery proves to actually be a cathartic experience for the parents. Ann Weiss explaining how she wanted the baker dead is intriguing, both for its implication of transference, but especially because of the past tense used. Through illuminating the baker of Scotty's demise, the parents are able to release some small amount of their own pain. They are even able to empathize as the baker bares his soul by describing his own loneliness due to lack of children. While

Extra 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Extra 1 - Essay Example Apart from that they reflect the particular era and time during which the play took place. The scene designer designs the background of the play with the colors that bring out, the right texture and desired mood to the audience. As the play unfolds Tartuffe succeeds in convincing Orgon to allow him to stay in his house indeterminately. He is opportunistic as he manipulates the allegianceaccorded to him by Orgon to manipulate him to his own advantage. He starts his schemes by pretending to be a staunch Christian and managed to fool Orgon to believing on every word he said (Steiner and Wilbur 35). Tartuffe tries to seduce Elmire, although she is frustrated by the foolishness of her husband, she does not give in to his advances. Unsuccessful he convincedOrgon to terminate the engagement of his daughter to a young man called Mariane whom she is madly in love with. The daughter refuses to get married to this hypocrite, but she is in a dilemma because she believes that a daughter should obey her father (Steiner and Wilbur 55). The maid, who is convinced that Tartuffe is only after the family’s fortune,makes sure that Valà ¨re and her lover are back together.In the play she is the only one who sees through Tartuffe’s malevolence right from the start. She turns out to be a very intelligent character in the play although ironically the maid is perceived to be a very insignificant job in the society (Steiner and Wilbur 95). Paradoxically the church is misrepresented by the character of Tartuffe who turns out to be one of the main characters in the play. The actors try to bring out the theme of the play strongly by mastering the lyrics and context. Although they have the challenge of being inexperienced, they also manage to bring out the character traits of the key thespians. Conversely it can be observed that there is poor coordination between the actors, when they are in the stage

Deontological ethics Essay Example for Free

Deontological ethics Essay Utilitarianism ethics accentuates that the activity that should be ethically beneficial to the group. In further terms, the outcome of any moral activity ought to be valuable for all by mass offer. This is a universal fundamental theme for ethics in industrialist economies and business as well as in all governments. Virtue Theory is also known as virtue ethics focal point on the person’s character as opposed to the standards and outcomes of the particular acts. This fundamentally means that the prime focus is endured or not to the person who acting ethically is a person who upholds the high virtues and morals, in expressing the good character in people. , plan, results and conclusion are not so much immaterial; nonetheless, the significance of virtue theory is first and foremost. Dissimilar to virtue theory, deontology has a substantial accentuation on obligation in activity, in adherence to runs the show. The right activity is essential here, whereupon fruition, ought to achieve the best useful for all included. This is to some degree like utilitarianism, which does concentrate on the result of the best great. Be that as it may, deontology does not incline toward the result itself, yet all the more so the guideline behind submitting the right activity. The moral behind deontology is about rule and after tenets. Every one of the three of these ethical practices has substantial likenesses. The essential comparability is outcome of activity. Despite the fact that result is not generally the essential center of the activity, it is normal in every one of the three theories that the outcome ought to have a gainful come about as a conclusion of the activity. Whether the activity is focused around rule, qualities or ethics, the end sought to legitimize the methods. The most ideal approach to express the contrasts between virtue theory, utilitarianism and deontological ethics is to take a typical situation and examine from these three alternate points of ETHICS ESSAY 3 view. A person who polishes good virtual ethics would call attention to that by helping the individual, doing so would be a magnanimous demonstration and would express great character of the individual supporting the one in need. One who practices utilitarianism would say that by helping the individual, doing so would be useful for both the individual in need and the individual making a difference. A deontologist would say that by helping, it would be so in agreement to an ethical tenet, for example, karma, or what you do to others will return to you. As the illustration shows, virtue theory concentrates on an individuals ethical morals, and not on any particular conclusion or guideline. Utilitarianism has a stress on more prominent elses benefit, concentrating on an advantageous conclusion for all persons included, where the results of acting are useful to a group. At long last, deontology stresses obligation as the particular activity being carried out in fulfillment of emulating a particular good code, governor charge. In past role as a sales/inventory associate for Centennial wireless. A problem with ethical decisions came up on a daily basis on the job. On a daily basis, I had to do the daily deposits and check each associate cash drawer that always had 100. 00 dollars in them at all times. Multiple times a sales rep had over their cash drawer or short. If they were short, they had to place the cash that was short to equal 100. 00 dollars or if they were over they had to deposit the average. When I check their bags, I gave them a warning they had till business hours to replace that money or just to deposit it. I keep the record for my records, and if it happens regular basis, I get the manager involve. The reason I keep the information to myself is because a sale person can give too much change to a customer and does know till I or they count their cash drawers at the end of their shift. So I understand mistakes can happen. My decision on this issue is based on the utilitarianism theory that looks for the best outcome for everyone within a particular situation. ETHICS ESSAY 4 In conclusion, one can addition further understanding into ethical and social obligation by analyzing the similitude and contrasts between utilitarianism, virtue theory and deontological ethics. Through further understanding of these similitude and contrasts one can start to understand the criticalness social and ethics obligation plays in particular and business achievement. The previous examination portrays the contrasts in how every theory addresses morality and ethics. The dissection likewise incorporates a particular experience clarifying the relationship between temperance, qualities, and good ideas as they identify with one of the three speculations. Besides, the examination clarifies how the data on social and ethics obligation achievement or disappointment, contingent upon the execution of the learning one addition from the information and the choices one makes. References: MANIAS, N. (2013) ETHICS APPLIED 7TH EDITION. PEARSON EDUCATION INC. (2013).

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay Example for Free

Evidence-based Versus Outcome-focused Practice Essay In many professions like medicine, psychology, education and psychiatry, outcome-focused practice and evidence-based practice are frequently used among other approaches. Due to lack of evidence-based information, the knowledge that many practitioners have been using is the knowledge that has build up from experience and it has not been researched on, to prove the validity of the same. Nevertheless, this does not mean that the information is always wrong, the information may be right but the evidence of the same may be lacking. Psychology has been affected by this as well as other professionals. Consequently, this essay seeks to analyze both outcome-focused and evidence-based practice and explain how counselors can contribute to the development of evidence-based practice. In addition, it shall also explain some shortcomings of outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. Since evidence based practice is the practice that has been recommended by many associations, it would be of much importance to look at it more comprehensively. According to American Psychological Association (2005), evidence-based practice can refer to combination of the best research available with the clinical knowledge in the context of patient characteristics, culture and preferences. The same studies record that the Institute of Medicine defines the same as the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values. In psychology, this is very important as it helps to promote effective psychological practice which eventually enhances public health by the application of empirically supported principles of psychological assessment, therapeutic relationship and intervention. To be in a position to understand comprehensively what is meant by evidence-based practice, it would be necessary to understand the different components of the same. There must be best research evidence which refers to a body of evidence on intervention strategies, assessment procedures and clinical problems among others, drawn from various research designs and methodologies attesting the effectiveness of psychological practices. The evidence should also be based on reasonable sizes, systematic reviews, statistical and clinical significance, and a body of supporting evidence. In order for the research to be valid, the same should be based on progression from clinical observation by systematic reviews from of random clinical trials while at the same time recognizing gaps and limitations in the literature which is already inexistence and its applicability to a specific case (American Psychological Association, 2002). Clinical expertise in psychology refers to all the competencies that promote and lead to positive therapeutic outcome which are inclusive but not limited to conducting assessments and coming up with diagnostic judgments, systematic case formulation, monitoring patient progress, among others. It is actually used to integrate best research evidence with clinical data which can refer to information about the patient and which is usually obtained in course of treatment by the counselor or psychologist. In psychology, treatment is most effective when the services address patient’s specific problems, personality, and socio cultural context. The therapeutic outcome largely depends on some of the patient’s characteristics like readiness to change, level of social support, functional status, chronological age, developmental history and religion. Environmental context like health care disparities, stressors like unemployment, personal preferences and values like world views and goals, are all very important and usually have much to do with the outcome of any psychological intervention. Although the main goal of evidence based practice is to maximize the choice of the patient among other alternative and effective interventions, clinical implications of the same are considered to a very great extent. Having discussed what is meant by evidence-based practice and its components, it would be necessary to discuss the role of a counselor in the development of the evidence based practice. The first role of the counselors should be to join efforts with other researchers and professionals so as to make sure that the all the research data available on psychological practice is both clinically relevant and internally valid. Therefore, they should join the rest in conducting psychological research in order to validate the already available information. The research should also address the widely used psychological principles due to the fact that though there is no evidence to support the same, this does not mean that they are all wrong. For a long time there have been barriers and challenges that face the use of research-based evidence. Since counselors are the people who face these challenges daily in the course of their practice, it would of great significance if they helped in identifying these challenges. After identifying the challenges, they should be addressed if any positive outcome should be expected. However, addressing these challenges may be a very complicated process for any counselor especially without the support of others in the same and in other related professions. Therefore, it if counselors can combine and form organizations that can address this issue much can be realized from the same. For instance, if the problem facing the research happens to be lack of funds, an organization can raise the same easily or even be in a better position to influence some funding organizations to provide funding for the same. The American Psychological Association has been in the front line in ensuring that psychologists deliver the best services to the patients. In order to enhance development of evidence-based practice, counselors should strive to see to it that the psychological principles they use while addressing the problems of the patient are supported by sound evidence. This can only be achieved if they are well informed. It is therefore important for all counselors to be updated on various research findings in their area of profession. This can be achieved through attending various workshops and seminars. It would be very vital for all counselors to disregard all other information that does not originate from the credible sources. Counselors are the key people who can make sure that evidence-based practice is in operational because they deal with the patients directly. On the other hand, outcome-focused practice is a different approach from evidence-based practice, although the goal may actually be the same. Outcome focused generally refers to any approach that is more aimed at attaining the outcome of any method used . It is an approach that also focuses on building an alliance with the client and getting of the feedback from the client. This approach is most of the times client directed and that is the reason as to why the key person in this approach is basically the client. The first step in this approach is to listen and identify what the client want. The psychologist then plans the intervention strategies in such a way that the goals of the client can be easily achieved. To achieve this, the practitioner keeps on getting feedback from the client concerning the whole process to determine whether the goals of the client are being addressed. The reason as to why it is mostly client directed is because it aims at attaining the goals set by the client and the method of doing the same is by using strategies which are also designed by the client (Abraham Michie 2004). Client driven and outcome focused practice is more often than not very successful although this does not mean that it is the best form of practice. Research has shown that it enhances the outcome of those cases that face the risk of the poor outcome more so because the client’s contribution is encouraged. Moreover, it reduces the drop out rates since the client is unlikely to drop, out of the strategy that has been devised to favor him. This practice is widely used especially while dealing with mental health patients as well as other emotional disturbances. Failure to use such a practice while dealing with such sensitive issues can easily interfere with the outcome. However, although outcome focused and client directed practice are widely used especially in psychology, the same has got some shortcomings. Some scholars have urgued that in outcome-focused practice, sometimes the outcome becomes the opposite of what is already expected. This is due to the fact that most of the times the practitioner lays a lot of emphasis on the outcome and forgets all about the process. The process is very important since the outcome largely depends on the process that has been used. For instance, while counseling a bereaved person, the process of doing that is very important as it dictates the outcome of the same. Failure to use the right process may not only interfere with the outcome but it can also easily worsen the condition of the patient or the client. Despite the fact that client directed practice reduces the drop out rates in any intervention procedure as highlighted earlier, there are still some shortcomings of the same. In client directed practice, the use of research based-evidence is sometimes compromised. This is because in this practice, the client is allowed to come up with goals and the means of achieving those goals. The truth is that the counselor may not get the opportunity of using the already available knowledge in solving the problem. Since the client is not actually a professional of the same the required outcome may be achieved but without the use of the best practice method. The counselor also strains a lot while trying to devise ways and means that will best address the client’s problem in a manner that will favor the client (Abraham Michie 2004). In psychology the mode of practice is very important because it does not only affect the outcome, but the future of the subject as well. Since psychology is a science, all strategies and the methods of practice should be adequately researched on before they are applied in solving human problems. This is the main reason that makes a lot of organizations and associations to propose the use of evidence-based practice. This allows the use of strategies that have been verified by use of sound research procedures which is not only effective but also minimizes the chances of having a lot of quacks in the profession. However, there is also outcome-focused practice and client directed practice. The study of the same shows that it is largely used in psychology as it is used in other relevant areas. Although it is highly successful for it improves the outcome of very sensitive issues, it is at the same time not the best. This is because at times it disregards the use of the already researched methods and knowledge which is a draw back, for it prevents change and development in the field of psychology. Moreover, patient’s interpretation of a certain situation may change in the course of the intervention which may complicate the whole procedure or interfere with it altogether (Wilson, Taylor, 2005). Although more emphasis has been laid on the evidence-based practice, outcome and client directed practice cannot and should not be done away with altogether. They are all important, but the counselor should be empowered and be in a position to make the right decision while dealing with the client. Moreover, incorporating evidence based practice should not be rushed because change may actually take some time, especially when a whole system is concerned. Nonetheless, evidence-based and outcome-focused practices are all modes of practice in the field of psychology and contribute differently towards the same. References Abraham, C. Michie, S. , (2004). Health Psychology in Practice. Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell. American Psychological Association, (2002). Criteria for evaluating treatment guidelines. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/practice/guidelines/evaluating. American Psychological Association, (2005). Policy Statement on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology. Retrieved on 4th April 2010 from: http://www. apa. org/pi/families/resources/ebp-statement. pdf Wilson, S. G. Taylor, J. , (2005). Applying sport psychology: four perspectives. Champaign, Human Kinetics

Three Pinned Portal Frame

Three Pinned Portal Frame This report found that plot 400 has many dead loads, live / imposed loads and wind loads in action on the buildings portal frame. The building has a simple 3 pinned portal frame / arch structure which have been designed to resist all loads that are applicable. The building also has structural actions and different modes of collapse which act upon the supporting columns, rafter beams and supporting main beams of the portal frame. The diagrams that have been produced illustrate how the different structural sections deform and how they would fail in the event of a mod of collapse, for example torsion, shear, fatigue or even compression. The building has also been sketched and CAD drawings provided along with photographs of both the inside and outside structure which can be seen in appendix 4 of the report. This report has also listed the clients functional and spatial requirements and the applicable governing legislation which controls the design and use of buildings in England and Wales. Contents Page. Page No. 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Brief 4 3.0 Structure Appraisal 3.1 Site Location 5 3.2 Building Function 6 3.3 Building Regulations 7 3.4 Building Drawings 8 3.5 Loadings 9 16 3.6 Structural Actions 17 24 3.7 Structural Stability 25 26 3.8 Deformation and Mode of Collapse 27 31 4.0 Conclusion 32 33 5.0 Bibliography 34 6.0 References 35 7.0 Appendix 7.1 Appendix 1 Site Location Plan 37 7.2 Appendix 2 Schedule of Drawings 38 7.3 Appendix 3 Schedule of Photographs 39 7.4 Appendix 4 Photographs 40 Introduction. Buildings today are built to accommodate many different processes and purposes within the built environment. When a building is at the feasibility stage, many key items must be considered to ensure that the building which is delivered to the client meets all the functional requirements and is built in accordance with all the relevant legislation which governs the construction industry and the built environment. Some of the key design parameters would be:- Spatial requirements Materials used Underlying use of building Method of Construction Finishes Location Size Maintenance Considerations Access and Use Planning restrictions This report will identify a building and investigate the design and comment on how the design meets the functional requirements for which it has been constructed. Additional details such as drawings, photographs and sketches will also be provided to support this report. Brief This report has been produced to appraise a given structure. The structure that has been chosen is Plot 400 at Ascot Drive, Derby in the East Midlands. The building will be identified and suitable location plans will be provided for the site. The buildings purpose will be explained in relation to its functional requirements and sketches and drawings will be provided to detail the building. These drawings will be provided by hand and also by auto computer aided design technology. Having described the building and its function, this report will then identify several different loads that the buildings portal frame must withstand with descriptions on how this portal frame is designed to resist such loads. Many different structural actions are in force within the buildings main portal frame and load bearing elements, mainly:- Tension Compression Shear Bending Shell action Plate action Joints Arches Suspension beams Truss rafters Having described these structural actions the report will then discuss how Plot 400 is designed and constructed to resist any overturning against dead loads, wind loads and fire conditions. Finally sketches will be produced to show how the main load bearing elements of Plot 400 could deform under the action of several different loads, should the structure not be designed correctly to resist these loads and different modes of collapse or other possible failures will be described. Conclusions will be made on the reports findings and the report will include appended drawings and a photograph schedule. 3.0 Structural Appraisal 3.1 Site Location The proposed building is located in Derby within the East Midlands. The full site address is:- Plot 400 Ascot Business Park Longbridge Lane Derby Derbyshire DE24 Site location plans can be seen in appendix 1 which shows Plot 400 in relation to plots, 100, 250, and 550 off Longbridge Lane. Appendix 1 also shows views from satellites and road location maps. < www.multimaps.com> Photographs of Plot 400 can be seen in appendix 4. 3.2 Building Function The building at Derby, Plot 400 has been commissioned by the client Pattonair Limited to store, distribute and package parts for the aviation industry. The building is to also allow space for ancillary processes such as ordering, accounts, HR, legal and every day processes such as welfare facilities. The 3 storey office accommodation which is located to the front elevations of the building will cater for the following processes:- Accounting (payments, orders etc.) Orders Management (staff, products) Human resources Legal responsibilities General communications and data transfer Information Technology Welfare facilities (eating, washing toilets etc.) Parking (staff and visitors) Meetings Protection of occupants from the elements (wind, rain, snow, cold and sun/heat). The warehouse is a single storey building with a 3 storey office block attached to the front elevation (North Elevation). The warehouse also includes a 3 storey mezzanine structure supported off the existing warehouse slab as shown in appendix 4 items 11, 22, 16, 24. The main functions of the warehouse space are:- Storage (mezzanine level) Production Packaging Manual handling and labelling Distribution Protection of goods from the elements (wind, rain, snow, cold and sun/heat) Protection for occupants and employees from the elements Accommodation of occupants for processes The building must therefore be designed to provide all these functions so that it will meet the clients functional requirements for them to run a business. 3.3 Building Regulations and Planning Permissions Now that the designers are aware of what functional requirements the building must provide, the design team must also ensure that the building meets with all the current legislation, these are mainly, for a building of this size and use:- The Town and Country Planning act 1990 The Building Act 1984 The Building Regulations 2000 The Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 The Construction (Design and Management) Regulation 2007 The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 The Workplace (Health and Safety and Welfare) Regulations 1992 The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 These regulations apply to the building in both construction and occupation, the last 3 regulations only apply upon occupation of Plot 400. 3.4 Building Drawings Having taken photographs and inspected the building, sketches will now be produced of the building. 3.5 Loadings Buildings in England and Wales must be designed in accordance with Approved Document A of the Building Regulations 2000. This document sets out minimum standards for all types of buildings and specifies that buildings must:- be constructed so that the combined dead, imposed and wind loads are sustained and transmitted by it to the ground Safely : and Without causing such deflection or deformation of any part of the building, or such movement of the ground, as will impair the stability of any part of another building ODPM. (2004) Buildings generally are designed for primary and secondary loads. Primary loads are loads which act on a building in the first instance and can also be called principal loads, these loads are Dead loads Imposed loads Wind loads Dead loads Dead loads are loads which are applied to a structure and are generally permanent and stationary in action. The largest factor of dead loads is usually the self weight of the structural member itself for example:- Steel column Steel beam/rafter/perlin etc Pre cast floor plank/beam/stair Cladding (roof and walls) Windows Services (lights, sprinklers, HVAC) Imposed loads Imposed loads are also called live loads and these constitute loads which are movable and generally act on a structure when it is occupied. Examples of live loads are:- People Furniture Cars Computers Products (retail and storage) Animals Imposed loads can be further sub divided into imposed floor loads and imposed roof loads which are given in British Standard BS 6399 Part 1 : Code of practice for dead and imposed loads 1996. Wind loads Wind loads are as they sound, loads which are applied to a building in England and Wales due to negative and positive pressures both within and outside the building in question. Wind loads can sometimes course actions to a building which may not have been considered and this load is the largest loading failure on the majority of buildings in England and Wales. Wind loads of course vary depending on:- Geographical location Degree of exposure Building height and size/shape Time of exposure Wind direction Positive or negative pressures created SEWARD, D. (2003) Having discussed primary loads, it is also essential that secondary loads are also considered in the design of every building. Secondary loads are caused mainly by the following factors:- Temperature change within the element or surrounding elements such as walls, floors, plaster, blockwork, brickwork, finishes etc. Shrinkage of materials/members such as plaster, timber, concrete etc. Settlement of supports such as supporting columns, foundations, load bearing walls/floors and supporting beams. SEWARD, D. (2003) These loads are actions which effect the buildings supporting structure and the actions can be separated into 3 different categories. The dead loads in a building are classified as permanent actions. The imposed loadings for floors and roofs (snow loads) are classified as variable actions. The most recent action to now be included within the British Standard and approved document A of the building regulations is disproportionate collapse which is an accidental action. The recent regulation states that:- The building shall be constructed so that in the event of an accident the building will not suffer collapse to an extent disproportionate to the cause. ODPM. (2004) Within the guidance there are 3 main classes as shown in the table below:- (Table taken from Approved Document A of the Building Regulations 2004, ODPM.) Plot 400 at Derby is classified as a 2A Building as the warehouse is single storey and the offices do not exceed 4 storeys. The way in which Plot 400 has been designed to resist disproportionate collapse is via effective horizontal ties of all suspended floors to walls, mainly the first and second floor pre- cast planks to the supporting steel beams. This was achieved with welded shear studs concreted into the pre- cast units at the external perimeter. These loads are now known as accidental actions and have been introduced because of the incident that happened at the World Trade Centre, New York, America. This incident caused an outcome which was disproportionate to the accident/attack and now all buildings have to be designed to resist such failures. Ronan point may also come under this classification. Plot 400 has been designed to resist and withstand the following loads:- Dead loads from structural elements Dead loads from services Dead loads from finishes Dead loads from the external envelope Imposed loads from people (UDL) Imposed loads from products (UDL) Imposed loads from furniture (UDL) Imposed loads from computers (UDL) Imposed loads from conveyors within the warehouse (UDL) Wind loads to the Portal frame uplift Snow loads to the supporting roof structure Wind loads deflection Wind loading resistance to overturning Hydrostatic Pressure (p) against all pad foundation bases All these loads are applicable to the supporting structure of Plot 400. The supporting structure is made up of the following elements:- Pad Foundations which support columns Columns which support rafters Rafters which support the roof structure Secondary rafters which support roof and wall cladding These details can be seen in appendix 4 items 6, 9, 10, 17, 21, 25, 26, 28. These elements are all designed to resist the previously mentioned loadings. The way in which this is achieved is by applying the following specification. The whole building is designed to transmit all dead, imposed, snow and hydrostatic loads safely to the ground. Dead Loads The dead loads are carried by all supporting beams, foundations and columns into the ground. Each section is sized on the amount of dead, imposed and wind load (maximum) that could be applied to the section at any one time. The section of each supporting element is governed by the following factors:- Second movement of area (I) Elastic modulus (Z) Maximum bending capacity Maximum shear capacity Maximum compression capacity Maximum torsion capacity As each of these factors is increased, the size of section also increases Live Loads The Live loads generally affect the bending movement and deflection values of beams and floors/roofs etc. Live loads are again designed against by increasing the section of material to resist the applied load. Live loads can also be considered with the inclusion of bracing and gusset plates or stiffening plates etc. These plates are some times included to reduce the live load affecting the size of section, in particular if the live load of a beam was particularly high (for example in a gymnasium or dance hall etc) the beams of that floor could be designed to resist the live load in the following manner:- Larger section depth so that x x is increased making the beam stiffer. Smaller spacings of beams to create a stiffer floor. Decrease the amount of allowable deflection, thus increasing the size of the beams possibly. Stiffening plates to the beam sections to reduce the amount of I (second movement of area). Wind Loads All buildings must be designed to resist both vertical and horizontal loads. If a building is designed to resist only vertical loads the possible deformation of the structure could take place. This can be seen in appendix 2 diagram 11 which shows a portal frame building which has only been designed to resist vertical loads. This structure has not been considered for possible horizontal loads and the failure of the elements is shown (The horizontal load could be a wind loading). (Drawing adapted from SEWARD, D . (2003) Buildings must also be designed for uplift. This is applied to a building when a prevailing wind acts directly onto the side elevation of a building. This can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 9. This diagram shows how the wind load acts into the building causing positive pressures inside the building and causing uplift. The way in which buildings are designed to resist uplift is as follows:- The buildings overall mass may be increased to provide a sufficient dead load (weight to resist any vertical uplift forces.) The buildings foundations can be oversized so that the buildings mass again is increased and the uplift force resisted. The buildings shape and size can also be designed so that the wind load does not increase and uplift can not be applied, or is reduced to a minimum. Such items as low buildings or buildings with sharp narrow elevations can reduce the amount of uplift. SEWARD, D (2003). The building may also encounter a sway case wind load. This wind load is generally created when the wind blows onto the side elevation of a portal frame building and can be seen in appendix 2 drawing 10. This diagram shows how the wind causes external pressures to the portal frame. Internal pressures are irrelevant in this condition. The way that portal frames are designed to resist wind loads from such directions can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 7 and diagram 4 (wind bracing). These diagrams show bracing within grid lines 19 20 and 1 2 (diagram 4) and bracing in bays A B (diagram 7). Bracing will also be provided in bays 1 2 and 19 20 vertically so that the roof bracing transmits all wind loads to the outer walls for which in turn, transmit the load safely to the ground. When the wind blows perpendicular to the frame as in appendix 2, diagram 10, the stability is maintained by the rigid joints of the portal frame connections at both foundation/column and rafter/column locations. In buildings where the frame is not a portal frame the design is some what different. When buildings such as houses and apartment blocks or office blocks are built, which do not have a portal frames, shear walls are provided to maintain lateral support and resistance against wind loadings. There are 5 main designs which can be provided to resist wind loads mainly:- Shear walls parallel as in diagram 12, appendix 2. Shear walls at the ends of a building shown in diagram 13, appendix 2. Diagonal Bracing at the ends of a building as shown in diagram 14, appendix 2. Central Core structure as the main support in a tall building as shown in diagram 15, appendix 2 and finally Arched structures which have an inherent lateral strength and require little additional support. This can be seen in diagram 16, appendix 2. All these options would provide support to resist wind loadings. 3.6 Structural Actions Having described which loads are being applied to Plot 400, this report will now identify the different structural actions which may be taking place within the structural elements. The main structural frame of Plot 400 consists of:- Supporting pad foundations Supporting columns Supporting first and second floor beams to the office area Supporting rafters to the roof Supporting secondary rafters to the cladding (Z perlins) The main structural actions that may be acting on the structural elements are as follows:- Tension stress Compression stress Shear stress Bending/Flexure (axial and bending) stress Torsion Deflection Tension Tension in objects is caused when a material/element is stretched outside its normal parameters. For example the rafter beams supporting the roof of Plot 400, as shown in appendix 2, diagram 6 and diagram 17 shows how the top section of the supporting rafter is in tension and the underside of the beam is in compression. Tension is a reaction force applied by the action force, in this case the self weight of the beam and roof cladding, acting on the support rafter. Compression Compression acts mainly in a single direction and small compression members are usually known as struts, larger sections are known as columns or traditionally as stanchions. When a column is under compression it can variably fail in two areas, mainly under compressive strength/crushing and buckling. SEWARD, D . (2003) The elements within Plot 400 that are under compression are the supporting columns which support the rafters and supporting main beams of the first and second floors. These columns can be seen in appendix 4 items 6, 10, 16, 17, 23, 25. The supporting mezzanine legs of the mezzanine floor are also in compression as shown in appendix 4, item 2. Shear Shear stress is a force which acts parallel or tangential to the face of the connection, material or element. The shear stress factor of a material is the ability or strength of the material to resist itself sliding (molecular structure). If the material has a high shear stress factor its molecular structure will be strong, preventing the molecules from parting easily. The items which are in shear stress in Plot 400 will be the column/rafter connections and the column/beam connections. These connections will experience shear across the connecting bolts and fixing plates. Bending Bending, also known as flexure is the force which acts perpendicular to the axis of the element. For example on a simply supported beam, the bending moment acts perpendicular against the x x axis. This bending moment then causes compression and tension on the beam as in diagram 17, appendix 2. This bending moment also causes shear parallel to the lateral loading. Plastic bending can also occur in a material, this is when the stresses exceed the materials yield strength and all supporting elements in Plot 400 will have been designed so that the yield is not exceeded and therefore plastic bending should not occur. The bending stresses applicable to the steel frame in Plot 400 can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 18. This diagram shows the maximum bending moments applicable to the frame of Plot 400 which has been designed as a Ridgid Portal Frame. This diagram also shows the point of contra flexure, the point at which there is no bending in the beams/rafters and columns. CHUDLEY, R, GREENO, R (2004). Torsion Torsion is the torsional moment or torque, which like a bending moment has the units of force X distance (KNM). There are two types of torsion, compatibility torsion and equilibrium torsion. Compatibility torsion is caused when a steel column or member has to twist to accommodate the deflection of another member. This happens when say 2 supporting beams have to deflect (twist) to accommodate the deflection of the centrally supported beam. Equilibrium torsion is when a load is off centre to the central axis of the supporting member, the connections of this support must be of sufficient strength otherwise the element will fail. The best way to eliminate torsion is to ensure that the supporting beam/element is placed directly under the supported load, for example placing an I beam so that the Y Y axis is central to the load. SEWARD, D . (2003) The elements within Plot 400 are not under direct torsion. The way that all supporting beams/rafters have been designed is with the I beam placed centrally under the supported loads. Deflection Deflection is the amount of movement or deflection that a structural member experiences when put under load. The amount of allowable deflection is set out in the building regulations and is set to stop alarm and panic of building users. Other reasons are to stop any damage being caused to finishes such as plaster and wall coverings etc. Deflection is also limited to stop movement and possible cracks being caused which may cause water penetrations and structure damage, for example a roof deflecting more than the allowable limit may mean that tiles become separated and allow water to penetrate into the roof space. The elements of Plot 400 will all be under deflection. The rafters supporting the roof, the beams supporting the upper floors and the columns supporting the rafters will all be subjected to deflection. The reason they do not fail, or should not fall is due to the fact that the allowable deflection will have been calculated and each section will deflect, but will not deflect outside its design limit. Shell Roofs A shell roof can be defined as a structural curved skin/material over a given plan shape. The main design of a shell roof system is:- The roof is primarily a structural skin/element which acts as a single element The basic strength of the roof is determined by the shape The amount of material used to cover a shell roof is generally less than a standard roof design. CHUDLEY, R. GREENO, R. (2004) Shell roofs can be constructed from concrete, steel and timber. The shell action of the roof gives the roof its strength and the building at Derby does not have any shell actions or a shell roof. Joints Plot 400, Ascot Drive, Derby has many joints within the structure. These joints connect columns to pad bases, columns to rafters, rafters to rafters and beams to columns. The main connections within the structure at Plot 400 are:- Welded Connections Bolted Connections (both standard and HSFG) Welded Connections Welded connections are generally created using electric are welding. The main two welds are a butt weld and a fillet weld. The connections in Plot 400 which are welded are all plates to each end of the rafters and main beams. Bolted Connections Bolted connections are provided to support a given load. There are 2 main types of bolted connections:- ordinary bolted connection This connection depends on the strength on contact between the bolt shank and the sides of the hole in the plates. This is commonly known as a dowel-pin action. HSFG High Strength Friction Grip bolted connections rely on tension between the two surfaces being bolted. This connection provides a very high strength ridged connection and is ideal for fixing elements which are subjected to a load reversal such as wind bracing. SEWARD, D. (2003) STROUD FOSTER, J, HARINGTON, R. (2000) This report will now identify the structural elements of Plot 400 which work as a:- Suspension beam Truss Arched structure The following structural elements in Plot 400 are acting as a suspension beam:- Supporting universal beams which are providing support to the pre-cast floor units at First and second floor levels. These can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 5. The following structural elements in Plot 400 are acting as a truss:- ii) The truss rafter beams which are supporting the roof element. These can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 6. The building at Derby does not contain any plate structures or shell structures. However, these items will be described on how they act. Arched Structures Arched structures are a natural shape which inherently has a good level of strength and support. The arch was utilised some 2000 years ago by the Roman Empire as large open spans could be achieved. The support reaction of an arch has a vertical as well as a horizontal component. An arch depends entirely on the ability of its supports to resist the horizontal components without excessive movement. The most common cause of arch failures is due to foundation failure. SEWARD, D. (2003). Examples of arched structures are:- the old Roman aqueducts the Gothic Arch buildings Bridges Portal frame buildings (Plot 400) The common portal frame building today consists mainly of a 3 or 2 pin structure. The building at Derby consists of a 3 pin structure, the central rafters are pinned and both columns are pinned at foundation base level. This type of arch is statically determinate and fairly simple to analyse. Examples for the bending moments applicable to Plot 400 can be seen in appendix 2, diagram 18. The portal frame/arched structure has 3 maximum load cases that must be applied mainly:- maximum vertical load maximum sway maximum uplift (overturning) Once all these cases have been designed into the portal frame, the structure will be sufficient to accommodate all wind, dead, live/imposed and overturning loads. The building at Derby does not contain any shell structure this has already been considered in the previous section. The last remaining item is a plate structure. This is a structure which acts together as a single element in a horizontal plane. The building at Derby does not contain any plat structures; the closest item within the building which may constitute a plate structure is the composite, hollow rib deck floor system. This is a system which comprises of a concrete, in-situ floor which is reinforced to give lateral strength, this composite deck is then connected to the supporting main beams and in some cases positively connected to resist any disproportionate collapse risk. Structural Stability The building at Derby has been designed as a simple portal frame structure which has to provide many functions as detailed in section 3.2 of this report. This section will now discuss how the building has been designed to resist any overturning. The building at derby, Plot 400 has 2 cases of overturning. The fist case of overturning is due to wind loads, these wind loads cause large negative and positive pressures within and outside the building envelope causing an uplift force as on a wing of an aeroplane. The second area of overturning that must be designed into the building is into the Foundation bases which

The Express Essay -- Biography, Ernie Davis

The biography I chose was The Express: The Ernie Davis Story. Its about an inspirational and heroic African American Football player. Robert C. Gallagher wrote this book. Ernie Davis passed away when he was only 23 years old from leukemia. (Gallagher, 151). Even though his life was short he treated others with dignity grace and compassion. The life he led made him a hero. He was considered by professionals in his field to be one of the best running backs ever. He was most famous for being the first African American to win the Heisman trophy (Gallagher, 1). Davis was born, in New Salem, Pennsylvania on December 14, 1939 (Gallagher, 15). His parents were separated, and his father was killed in an auto accident before Davis was born. When Ernie was born his father was deceased and his mother struggled to raise Ernie. She found out that she could not take care of him on her own. When Ernie was about a year old his mother sent him to her parents home to live (Gallagher, 19). His grandparents, Willie and Elizabeth Davis had twelve children. Willie worked hard as a coal miner and Elizabeth was a homemaker who cared for the children. They raised all of the children including Ernie equally and with the same amount of love. Ernie called his grandparents mom and dad because he was treated just like their other children. He learned to be generous and appreciative by living in a big family. His grandparents also taught Ernie to have a strong trusting, relationship with God (Gallagher, 20). Ernie grew up playing with his older uncles. They spent a large amount of time together and he learned many great lessons about sports from them. When Ernie prepared to enter high school, his mother asked him to return to her. Ernie had a hard time ... ... and showed that he had less than a year to live (Gallagher, 124). Ernie went through chemotherapy and spent two months in and out of hospitals On October 4, 1962 his doctor finally explained the extent of his illness to him. He also told Davis he could continue to play football if his disease went into remission. Amazingly his leukemia went into remission. His coach made the difficult decision to keep him on the sidelines (Gallagher, 151). Ernie never complained about his sickness. He remained hopeful that he could beat the disease and refused any pity offered by others. He was always gracious and he never complained to the people who helped him. In the end after all his struggles, on May 18, 1963, Ernie Davis passed away (Gallagher, 124). 160 â€Å"Ernie was one of the finest football players, but more important the finest gentleman I’ve ever known†(Gallagher,167).

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie Essay -- Balzac

Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress by Dai Sijie Balzac and the Little Chinese Seamstress is a very complex book with many hidden and double meanings. The book is based on the Little Seamstress and how she reacts to many aspects of life. Although she was introduced later in the novel, she is one of the main characters. The purpose of the seamstress in the story is that she is the main reason why Luo and the narrator wake up in the morning. Almost everything they do revolves around her and Dai Sijie makes this very apparent throughout the novel. The story, although set during the Cultural Revolution of China, is not really about the reign of Chairman Mao. It is about the seamstress and how she responds to the many actions of the two boys. The story begins when both Luo and the narrator were taken from their homes in order to be re-educated because everyone that was considered an "intellectual" (anyone that attended high school) must go through the re-education process. It is ironic that they felt they had to re-educate people that already had a high school level education. Neither Luo nor the narrator had completed high school, they explained towards the beginning of the novel that they only had completed three years of lower middle school. The narrator was only seventeen and Luo was eighteen years old at the time they were re-educated. They were to be re-educated in a village called "The Phoenix of the Sky," with the peasants. They lived in a little house on stilts. The "Phoenix of the Sky" symbolizes something other than just the name of their village. A phoenix is a bird that is reborn from its own ashes after bursting into flames, this could symbolize that there is something more in store for them after thei... ...ut. The Little Seamstress had become a completely different person after she was read all of the books in Four Eyes' secret suitcase. Many of the changes came towards the end of the novel but throughout it you notice many small things, such as the way she talks and dresses. At the end of the book, you see the metamorphosis that the seamstress went through. She had completely changed her accent into the city one. She also made herself a brassier, a jacket that was something that would only be worn in the city, bought a pair of white tennis shoes, and had her hair tied with red ribbon in a small bob. "All that time we spent reading to her had certainly paid off," Luo whispered to the narrator after seeing his girlfriend's new look. It paid off just enough for her to completely leave her mountain girl ways and go to the city where someone with her knowledge belongs.

History Of Hockey Essay -- essays research papers

For more than a century, hockey historians have found that precisely tracing the sports origin is not only a difficult task but, a virtual impossibility. Therefore I can only try to deduce for myself, from the records, claims, and accounts, which are available to me, when, where, and by whom the first ice hockey was played. I’ll also discuss the early problems and obstacles that the NHL encountered. Plus I will also tell a little bit about early equipment, along with early game play and ice conditions that players encountered. Lastly, the Stanley Cup, which is the most prized and oldest sports award of the NHL. It has been won many times, by many different teams. Ice hockey is traceable to games played on fields as far back as nearly 2500 years ago. In 478 BC, a Greek soldier, Hemostocoles, built a wall in Athens which contained a sculpture scene portraying two athletes in a faceoff-like stance holding sticks similar to those later used in field hockey. (Hubbard & Fischle r, page17) Perhaps native Americans were the first to play hockey like games. The Indians of Canada invented the field game lacrosse, which is known by the legislative act as Canada’s and national sport. The Alogonquins who inhabited the shores the St. Lawrence River played an ice game that was similar to lacrosse called "baggataway," played without skates and with an unlimited number of participants. French explorers who visited the St. Lawrence River area and northern areas of United States in the 1700’s witnessed these matches. (Hubbard & Fischler, page17) According to the dictionary of language of Micmacs Indians, published in 1888, the Micmacs of eastern Canada played an ice game called "oochamkunutk," which was played with a bat or stick. Another ice game played by the Micmacs was "alchamadijik," which was referred to in legends of the Micmacs, issued in 1894. (Hubbard & Fischler, page18-19) Early hockey-like games that came from across the Atlantic include the Field game Hurley from Ireland, field hockey from England, and the ice games English bandy and Kolven from Holland. Hurley is a ground game that is still popular in Ireland. It was originally played by an unlimited number of players representing one parish against another. A flat field hockey-like stick and a large ball were used. Irish immigrants, who came to work on the Shubenacadie C... ... to an end. 1918-19, The NHL continues to suffer bad times in the second season. Crowds remained sparse, even though the league tried to elict interest by adopting new rules to make the game faster and more interesting. During this season an very unusual thing had happened, for a first time ever the Stanley cup was not awarded, the reason why it was not awarded is because Canada was in the midst of a lethal flu epidemic in the which touched the a Stanley cup teams. The flu sent many players to the hospital, tragically some of them died 6-8 weeks later. Therefore the competition was held off and a cup of was not awarded. Never again has the Stanley cup not been awarded after post season. (Hubbard & Fishler, page 55-68) Over the years the NHL suffered similar obstacles, financial problems, wars, and the lack of fans, to about the 1924-25 season. After that season times started to become easier. More profit was being made by the owners, and more fans were attending the games. Ho ckey was becoming one of the most popular sports in all of Canada, which quickly spread to the U.S. Nowadays hockey is one of the most profitable and enjoyable sports throughout North America and Europe.

Coke Wars Case Study Essay

1. Why, historically, has the soft drink industry been so profitable? The soft drink industry has been profitable due to numerous reasons. Overall, it was the successful combination of concentrate producers, bottlers, retail channels, and suppliers plus the wide spread availability of CSD’s and their availability in diet and numerous other flavors. 2. Compare the economics of the concentrate business to that of the bottling business: Why is the profitability so different? – Concentrate producers, produced cheap concentrate product that was promoted and advertised successfully. The cost to build and run a manufacturing facility was relatively little , concentrate companies invested heavily in research and development and marketing of the product, and successful â€Å"customer development agreements†(where the company would offer retailers funds for marketing and other uses) were made that helped stimulate sales. Bottling companies had it harder, since the industry was much more capital intensive and had significant expenses in concentrate, syrup, packaging, labor, and overhead. 3. How has the competition between Coke and Pepsi affected the industry’s profits? Their competition for greater market share led to the evolution of both companies into dominant companies that left little room for other competitors for the vast majority of their history. This increased growth in profit, however, meant a lot more advertising and capital investment, which it’s profitability began to reach its peak in the late 1970’s as most other small bottlers were forced out of the market. Thus, as Coke and Pepsi pulled away, other CSD concentrate companys and bottlers were forced to leave the industry, since they couldn’t compete. 4. Can Coke and Pepsi sustain their profits in the wake of flattening demand and the growing popularity of non-CSDs? -I believe they can, as they have been known to branch out and buy or produce other types of products other than just CSD’s. An example would be coke nowowning Smart Water. However, they must invest heavily in these non CSD products and make them a bigger part of their operations. 5. Which of the 5 forces is the most important threat for concentrate producers v. bottlers? Barriers to entry. Both companies have franchise agreements with their bottlers, who have rights in certain geographic areas. These agreements prohibit bottlers from taking on new contracts for competing brands for similar products. View as multi-pages

Hero’s Journey Essay Essay

The hero’s journey is an aspect that’s found in many books and even movies. The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is a very famous book read by many English classes based on a hero’s journey. The characters in this book struggle to find out what their journey is, especially the main character Amir. Refusal of the call means the hero attempts to refuse the adventure because he is afraid. Amir holds back from doing a lot in the book because he is afraid of the outcome that comes along with it. Even though Amir refuses the call he later accepts and winds up doing good deeds; however, I still don’t believe he’s the hero because he doesn’t protect Hassan; he frames Hassan because he feels guilty about not protecting him when he should have, and he lets class and race get in the way of their friendship. Refusal of the call plays a big role in The Kite Runner because most of the characters refuse to do something. Baba refuses to get treatment for his c ancer; Amir at first refuses to go back to Kabul; and Hassan refuses to stay in Kabul. In hero’s journey tales, the hero feels unsure and afraid of the adventure ahead of them, which is why they refuse the call. Rahim Kahn is the one who tries to get Amir to accept the biggest call of his life by telling him â€Å"there’s a way to be good again†(192) if he goe back to Kabul. After awhile, Amir finally put his fear aside and heads back to Kabul. Even though Amir eventually accepts the call and has done some good deeds throughout the book, he is not a full on hero. The good deed that Amir has done was go back to Kabul to adopt Hassan’s son Sohrab because Hassan and his wife have been murdered. Amir goes to the Taliban who has Sohrab and tries to get them to give him Sohrab. The Taliban in the room was giving Amir a really hard time about getting to Sohrab and kept asking Amir questions. Amir finally figured out who the Taliban really was. Assef wouldn’t let Amir take Sohrab due to do â€Å"unfinished business†. Assef then turns the music up really loud and starts beating up Amir while Sohrab just stood and watched. Sohrab told Assef to stop hurting Amir but he didn’t. Sohrab then shot Assef in the eye with his slingshot and when Assef fell to the floor, Amir and Sohrab escaped to freedom (286-292). This is an example of a good deed because at first, Amir refused to go back to Kabul to save Sohrab but then finally realizes that Hassan would of done it for him, so he ended up leaving his family in America to save Sohrab for Hassan. The first  time Amir refuses the call is when Amir wins The Kite Runner tournament for the first time with Hassan’s help. After Amir cuts the other persons kite, Hassan goes to chase the blue kite down for Amir. Amir exclaims that Hassan doesn’t need to do that for him and as Hassan is running for the kite, he shouts â€Å"for you a thousand times over† and proceeds to get the kite (67). Amir goes to look for Hassan and finds Hassan talking to the bully Assef and his friends but what Amir didn’t know was the worst was about to happen. Since Hassan refused to give Assef the blue kite because it was Amir’s, Assef said, â€Å"I’ve changed my mind, I’m letting you keep the kite, Hazara. I’ll let you keep it so it will always remind you of what I’m about to do†(73). Assef and his friends quickly raped Hassan and then run off. Amir had to watch the whole thing. This is an example of refusing the call because Amir refused to stand up for Hassan and say something because he was scared they’d do the same thing to him and that doesn’t make Amir a hero. The second time Amir refuses the call is when Amir did nothing to protect Hassan as he watched Assef and his friend’s rape him. Amir’s cowardliness also gets in the way, so he ends up framing Hassan. Amir feels so guilty and can’t take the guilt anymore to where he waits for Hassan and his dad Ali to leave the house and he frames Hassan by putting the watch that Baba gave him and the money he got for his birthday under Hassan mattress that way Baba would ask them to leave so Amir didn’t have to deal with the guilt anymore. What Amir was least expecting happened; Baba confronted Hassan and Ali about stealing the watch and money. Baba came right out and said, â€Å"Did you steal that money? Did you steal Amir’s watch, Hassan?†(105). Hassan replies saying, â€Å"yes†(105). Amir was not expecting Hassan to actually say yes so he was very shocked when Hassan said yes. Since Baba said the only sin was theft, Amir thought that Baba would surely dismiss them. Baba’s response shocks everyone. Baba says, â€Å"I forgive you†(105). Amir was so shocked because Baba said the worst sin to do was theft. Ali then said that him and Hassan are leaving and couldn’t stay here any longer because of what happened. Baba was crying hysterically begging them not to go. Amir refused the call of not stepping up and protecting Hassan and felt so guilty he framed him to get them to leave. In the end everything worked out in Amir’s favor and they left Kabul, which doesn’t make Amir a hero, it makes him a coward. Amir is not a full on hero because he refuses to call Hassan his  friend due to race, class issues and because Hassan was Amir’s servant. Amir at first didn’t even consider him and Hassan as â€Å"friends†. â€Å"I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either†(25). Later throughout the book Amir starts to realize that Hassan is more than just his servant. Hassan has always called Amir his friend and brother but Amir could never come out and say it back. Once Amir finally realized that Hassan was actually his best friend and even brother, Amir regrets everything once Hassan died because he couldn’t go back and change it. Amir was considered high class and Hassan was a Hazara, which was name for a lower class afghan, so their class differences made it hard for Amir to call Hassan his friend because he was scared of what others would think of him. Because others new Hassan as Amir’s servant, it also made it hard for Amir to tell people that Hassan and him were actually friends. This is an example of refusing the call because Amir had always wanted to call Hassan his friend, but was always scared of what others would think because Hassan was a Hazara and Amir’s servant. Because Amir was so scared of what others thought, that doesn’t make him a hero. In conclusion, I would like to say that through the hero’s journey aspect of refusal of the call, even though Amir has done some good deeds, like go back to Kabul to save and adopt Sohrab, he still wasn’t a true hero because he doesn’t protect Hassan from getting raped and after watching it happen, he frames Hassan because he feels so guilty about not doing anything to protect him when he should have, and he lets class and race issues get in the way of their friendship. Hosseini portrays Amir in The Kite Runner by making him go through a lot of tough obstacles throughout the book especially when he was younger and having to make life-changing decisions. Amir refused to face most of the obstacles he was given in the book, but as he grew up, he accepted the fact that he needed to overcome his fear and complete those obstacles. When we’re younger we get scared to do certain things, but as we get older we realize that we need to do the things that scare us in order to become the hero. Though one might refuse the call because of fear, as you grow older you end up accepting the fact that you need to face the call and go through with whatever obstacle is put in your pathway just like Amir did when he had to face going to save Sohrab. Whether you face your obstacles or not, that is what makes you a true hero. Citations Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead, 2003. Print.