Submissive and Evil Women of The Holy Bible :: Holy Bible Essays

The Submissive and Evil Women of the Bible      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Bible and the church have been the greatest stumbling blocks in the way of woman's emancipation.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A famous 19th century feminist named Elizabeth Cady Stanton voiced this about her struggle for women's freedom. Women, considered a lower class than the men, wanted this subjugation changed. Part of the reason for the subjugation of women is that the Bible could be interpreted in many different ways to suit the needs of the interpreter. These interpretations of the Bible are in part responsible for the belief that women are of a lower class than men. The reason this belief is present in our society is that approximately 85% of Americans are Judeo-Christian. We see examples of these beliefs when we look at the church, the daily lives of women, and the media. Looking at 1 Timothy 2:11-12, we see why our religious society could interpret the Bible this way:    Let a woman learn in silence with all submission, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   do not permit a woman to teach or to have authority over a man, but to be in silence.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   We must look at the historical context of the passage. Written approximately 2000 years ago, many parts of the Bible seem outdated. The passage portrays a time when women were property and were â€Å"trained† to be weak and fragile. This stopped only about 30 years ago. Before this time, society taught women from birth to be submissive to men. What does this mean to us today? It means that although American Society is no longer training women to be submissive, the problem is still present in our belief system. Many churches do not believe that women should be part of the clergy. This is because they interpret parts of the Bible, such as 1 Timothy 2:11-12, as saying that only men should preach. In 1848, women made a retaliation to these sentiments. At the Seneca Falls convention, women (including Elizabeth Cady Stanton) signed a Declaration of Sentiments. In the declaration it states:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He allows her in church, as well as state, but a subordinate position,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   claiming apostolic authority for her exclusion from the ministry,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and, with some exceptions, from any public participation in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   affairs of the church  Ã‚   (Declaration 1)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The people that these women fought against, including other women, believe that it is the duty of a woman to be quiet and submissive. I have experienced this anti-freedom dogma growing up in the Church of Christ community. I experience this dogma when I talk with my grandmother, a woman who lives by

Nintendo The Survivor Essay -- Video Games Nintendo Essays

Nintendo the Survivor   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "Work hard, but in the end it's in heaven's hands." This is a quote from Game Over about the meaning of the word "Nintendo." In the video-gaming market, though, it was really in consumers' hands. Nintendo has always needed to adapt to survive in the market. Nintendo always needed to be on top; it was a company that needed to be ahead of the rest. Nintendo had to set new standards, or improve on an existing product or idea.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Dutch and Portuguese first brought their card games over to Japan 355 years ago. For the longest time, the kuruta (playing cards) in Japan were Dutch and Portuguese. Fusajiro Yamauchi came along and integrated the cards into existing Japanese games that originally used clams and stones. Fusajiro called these cards Hanafuda (flower cards), and many varieties of games were made using these cards (Game Over). In 1889, Fusajiro founded his own playing card company (Company History). Using the Japanese Kanji characters - nin, ten and do - Fusajiro named his company Nintendo (Game Over). As quoted from the book Game Over, the Kanji characters Nintendo meant "Deep in mind we have to do whatever we have to do," or even "Work hard, but in the end it is in Heaven's hands."   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To gain more business, Nintendo needed to reach other regions of Japan. To do so, Fusajiro decided to have symbols painted on the cards that reflect the characteristics of various regions of Japan. Nintendo then signed up with tobacco shops to sell the Nintendo Hanafuda easily around the nation. All was doing modestly well until the Yakuza showed up. The Yakuza, the Japanese equivalent to the Mafia, set up many gambling parlors in Japan. Hanafuda were used for a variety of card games in these parlors, and like in casinos: new games were started with new decks. With these bustling gambling parlors going through so many Nintendo brand playing cards, Nintendo profited handsomely (Game Over).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1907, Nintendo started manufacturing western-style playing cards for bringing out a wider variety of card games from the United States of America. In 1927, Nintendo started to put fancy backing on the cards (they were originally blank). In 1949, Nintendo's current president, Hiroshi Yamauchi, came into office (Game Over). Four years later Nintendo became the first company in Japan to manufacture plastic-coated cards. This was done to... ...d a little more excitement to its new system. Nintendo started to release Game Boy Color Games that featured four to five Game & Watch games.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nintendo has come a long way. From selling trading cards in Japan in 1889 to planning a state-of-the-art video game systems for the millennium. Nintendo changes to meet the demands of their customers, so that they will continue to buy Nintendo products. In the end, Nintendo always seems to come out on top with setting a new standard in the video game systems industry. Nintendo is a survivor and a revolutionist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the best of my knowledge, the information above and below is correct. The information above contain some editorial wording. The information below may be slightly incomplete, there were other Nintendo Power references I could not track; The book Game Over contains many other references. Works Cited "Company History of Nintendo of America Inc." 9 Nov. 1999. http://www.nintendo.com/corp/history.html. "Game Boy Advance." Incite: Video Gaming Dec. 1999: 154. "Nintendo 64 Hardware." 13 Dec. 1999. http://www.nintendo.com/n64/expansionpak.html. "Out of the Shadows: Nintendo 64 Debuts in Japan." Nintendo

Conflict Resolution Styles in Organizational Behaviour Essay

Conflict is a process that every one of us has experienced throughout our lifes. There are various definitions of conflicts as described by different authors but generally, conflict is a process whereby one individual’s interests is opposed or negatively affected by the other party (McShane et al. 2010). Workplace and organisational conflicts are usually more complex. Isenhart and Spangle (2000) points out that at the beginning the conflict may start because of improper placement of workers and their responsibilities in a workplace, but it may get worse if they faces unfair rules, ineffective management, unclear responsibilities or too much work assigned. Organisational conflicts can result in many possible outcomes, the negatives ones such as damaged employee relations, violence, increased tension between bosses and employees but it can have positive outcomes too such as increased employee-cohesiveness and increased motivation. How it will be achieved will be discussed throug h the elements of conflict and will be listed in greater details. Ways in which people approach conflict Avoiding Avoiding is probably the fastest way of resolving a conflict but at the same time it is not the best way because most of the time the avoider will remain unhappy even after the conflict. It does not permanently resolve the conflict (McShane et al. 2010) and in my opinion it is just ‘postponing’ the problem to have it solved at a later date. McCollum et al. (2009) states that the person who is avoiding thinks that confronting the conflict will bring more trouble than it is worth. The avoider also decides to not deal with the conflict because he or she might not have the confidence to do so. This seems like the more popular choice amongst the five ways in which people approach conflict based on my experiences because people simply do not want unnecessary trouble or aggravate the problem, especially if it is a minor issue. Avoiding pays no attention in concerns of either self or others (Kotthoff & Spencer-Oatey 2008). This is the least-sought option amongst the five approac hes but however, McCollum et al. (2009) suggests that avoiding can be a tactical approach when the other party has more strength and authority over you; and/or the avoiding the conflict will bring little or no devastating consequences. Problem-Solving I deemed this to be the most effective way in resolving organisational conflicts because both parties will benefit if they manage to find a double-win solution to the problem. This is considered to be the most desirable approach to conflict as there are no negative impacts at all. Only positive results will surface. Runde & Flanagan (2009) suggests that there might be a link between avoiding and problem-solving. Because many people tend towards avoidance, they often rush through problem solving and immediately use the first solution that they can think of so as to quickly get over the conflict, without any beneficial solutions. The key in using problem-solving as an approach to resolve conflicts lies in having patience to create multiple potential solutions. Careful reflection and consideration will progress into agreements that are both satisfying and successful (Runde & Flanagan 2009). Therefore when undergoing problem-solving, both parties must not rush to a solution immediately o r else the solution may backfire or do not satisfy both parties’ needs. Three strategies that help people manage conflict Before discussing about the three different strategies that help people to manage conflict, the strategies used are basically divided into three categories and they are interest-based, rights-based and power-based (Jameson 2001). Three different strategies from the three categories will be discussed respectively. Jameson (2001) advises that all resolutions of disputes and conflicts should start with a interest-based strategy, and if it does not resolves the conflict, it is followed by a rights-based strategy and if conflict persists, power-based strategy is then applied. Mediation (Interest-based) Jameson (2001) suggests that mediation is a form of ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution). Research has shown that interest-based strategies such as mediation had the best long-termed results such as improved relationship between parties, greater commitment to solutions and reduced future conflicts from happening. This is why involved parties in a conflict should use this approach as it reaps the most benefits. Even though there are many theories and various methods underlying mediation, it is generally defined as an intervention by a neutral third party which facilitates the process but allow participants in the conflict to control the outcome (Jameson 2001). Depending on the severity of the conflict, the mediator is to provide useful information in legal issues, help the participants into perspective thinking, provide a guide in finding the most satisfying and realistic settlement, help to improve the working/personal relationship between participants, or engage in some combination of the above methods. Inquisitorial Intervention (Rights-based) This describes intervention by a person of a higher authority; in most cases is the manager, who will make a final decision. Managers who adopt this strategy allow employees more or less control over presentation of their arguments before deciding on an appropriate solution (Jameson 2001). Because the third party(manager) listens to every party’s arguments before making a judgment, the manager acts as a ‘judge’ and this usually results in a win-lose situation, unlike Mediation which results in a win-win situation most of the time. Employees are given the opportunity to present their arguments and influence the final decision and this result in higher amount of fairness and satisfaction with outcomes. Employees involved in the conflict usually agree that the outcome decided by the third party is fair, but it could be better if they are able to retain the outcome control. Restructuring (Power-based) This is the more realistic popular method amongst power-based strategies because they are efficient (at least in the short run) and it follows a problem-solving procedure that is actually part of the managerial role (Jameson 2001). A powerful third party restructures the work and responsibilities of employees in order to solve problems. For example if employees does not see eye-to-eye with one another and it affects efficiency or quality of work produced, restructuring may simply solve this issue even though parties involved are not satisfied but at least they will not be able to see each other, proving restructuring to be a efficient method in the short run. This method may be efficient if time issues are being involved, such as the organisation needs to achieve a certain target by a certain date. Influence of culture in conflict resolution styles The three cultural values dimensions that are popularly discussed are individualism-collectivism, power distance and high-low context (McShane et al. 2010). Low/high context: refers to the amount of information contained in a clearly-expressed message versus implied message (Adair et al. 2004). Low-context culture is direct and negotiations are analytical and fact-based, while high-context culture is indirect and high-context negotiators tend to use an indirect communication method with usually contains implied meanings. An example of a low-context culture would be the United States of America and a high-context culture will be Japan (Adair et al. 2004). Individualism/Collectivism: Individualism refers to a society where the relationships between people are loose and they are expected to look after themselves or their immediate families only. Collectivism which is the opposite, refers to a society that people focus on being harmonious and emphasize on cohesiveness within themselves. In organisational context, individualism means individuals only care about their own goals and prefer to work alone and collectivism means working harmoniously in a teams and it emphasizes on teamwork. Power distance: McShane et al. (2010) defines power distance as the degree of importance that people place on status and power to control. Basically it means that human inequality may occur in many fields such as status, wealth, power, rules etc. In organisational settings it refers between superiors/managers and employees mainly. In a high power distance working environment, employees tend to just do their work without raising doubts or question their bosses, due to fear in the difference of their power, low power distance means otherwise, where employees and their superiors work hand in hand to resolve issues. A few decades ago, managers can spend up to twenty percent of their time in resolving conflicts. Nowadays, conflicts are generally much more complex and take up more time to resolve due to technological advances, world’s exponential growth rate and globalization which led to increase contacts between people of many different cultures (Kotthoff & Spencer-Oatey 2008). This suggests that our modern world has an increase of numbers of cultural conflicts and they are usually hard to resolve due to the extreme range of differences in thinking, values, ethics etc between individuals of different cultures. To further elaborate on this point, Brigg (2008) states that most experts in this field now come to an agreement that culture frames the experiences of conflict of people, their reactions and responses to other people in conflict, and the types of strategies they might consider to manage or otherwise address disputes. Therefore when facing against a cultural conflict issue, one must understand that the other party does not grow up in the same environment as him/her, had not been taught the same teachings and values since young. To put in simpler terms, the definition of what is right and what is correct might not be the same between the two parties. This also explains why it is so difficult in applying conflict resolution styles when it comes to cultural conflicts because it is hard to accept the other party’s â€Å"correct† values which may be the â€Å"wrong† values of one as both of them have been gorged those values since young in their growing up environment. Conclusion Two ways of conflict-handling styles were discussed and avoiding can be a good approach sometimes despite many of its negativity and although problem-solving is the best approach, it cannot be rushed and many potential solutions must be raised in order to finding the best solution. Three strategies from three different categories of conflict resolution styles were discussed and despite the major differences in terms of popularity of usage and way of handling, all the three strategies can produce effective results in organisational settings if they were applied in the correct circumstances. Three cultural values dimensions were discussed and it was also explained that influence of culture in conflict resolution styles remains fundamentally significant and it is currently the most challenging in conflict resolution.

Performance Management System at Procter and Gamble

Having such an appealing performance management Is one of the strengths of P&G, which esteem apart from their competitors; having such a performance management system shows http&G is Valuing People- This is about appreciating the efforts and contribution of employees giving them due recognition. It's about understanding the importance of employees in attachments success.In such a industry of Fast Moving Consumer Goods, valuing the employer's and working towards their career development ensures employees dedication and loyalty towards company, this furthermore leads to Involving People P&G has a balanced Predetermination's scheme which believes in collaboration between employees and employers tonsure both sides work together in unison; proper co-operation and co-ordination between attainment and employees.It believes in empowering people, giving importance to their opinion and suggestions, and a participative decision making process. This an only happen if the organization's culture I s benevolent and people oriented which helps them spectrographically goals, hence Performance management system can be looked upon as an effectiveness's to achieve company mission and vision. Furthermore, performance management system P ensures smooth relations between employee and employers, leading to employees fingerer efficient at workplace and able to work up to their potential.Impact of the reapportionment's process of Procter & Gamble has Having such an appealing performance management Is one of the strengths of P&G, which esteem apart from their competitors; having such a performance management system shows http&G is Valuing People- Involving People has a balanced Predetermination's scheme which which helps them chlorofluorocarbon goals, hence Performance management predetermination's process of Procter & Gamble has helped them to create environmental ambiance.

Alternatives To Promote Literature Education Essay

In Singapore, the revenue-generating touristry industry has ever been critical for our development. For illustration, it generated about a astonishing S $ 14.1 billion in tourer grosss in 2007[ 1 ], lending close to 5 % of our GDP ( Gross Domestic Product ) . In recent old ages, our touristry industry has shown marks of stagnancy, even with the attempts by Singapore Tourism Board ( STB ) to advance touristry. Diagram 1 shows the Butler ‘s Tourism Life-Cycle Model that illustrates the five chief phases that every state ‘s touristry industry will undergo. Every state will first get down at the geographic expedition phase and travel along the Cycle from Stage 1 onwards, as its touristry industry grows and develops. In 2003, there was grounds that Singapore was at the 4th phase, stagnancy, evident from the undermentioned grounds: The worsening growing in visitant Numberss Singapore ‘s touristry growing has been stagnating or even worsening since 1997 – 2003. Harmonizing to touristry informations, the figure of tourer reachings has been stagnating between 6 million to 7.5 million during this period, and for some old ages it has shown a negative per centum alteration from the old twelvemonth. The per centum alterations for these old ages are as follows: -1.30 % ( 1997 ) , -13.28 % ( 1998 ) , -2.20 % ( 2001 ) and -19.04 % ( 2003 ) .[ 2 ] Short tourer corsets On norm, tourers were merely remaining for 2 to 3 yearss, clearly demoing that Singapore ‘s tourer attractive forces were losing their entreaty.[ 3 ] Therefore, the Singapore Tourism Board ( STB ) attempted to rejuvenate touristry, and to farther promote Singapore as a tourer finish by utilizing alternate attacks which we will analyze below: Advantages Disadvantages Convention: Ad Since 1990, Singapore has used runs to actively advance Singapore as a tourer finish. These runs use a multi-pronged attack to advance Singapore, such as through utilizing different signifiers of media for these advertisement runs. In 2004, STB used the tagline † Uniquely Singapore † to look the run to advance Singapore as a vibrant and voguish tourer finish. The current run ( since 2010 ) has the tagline â€Å" Your Singapore † , and aims to advance Singapore as an exciting finish. For illustration, STB has designed an synergistic web site ( YourSingapore.com ) to foreground the exciting and alone entreaties of Singapore ‘s touristry industry. The runs raise planetary consciousness of Singapore ‘s touristry and heighten our image. Requires capital which could hold been used to develop other countries, e.g. health care. Thus the demand for the S $ 2A ­billion Tourist Development Fund, of which a part of it was used for such candidacies ( merchandise development ) . The intent of this Fund is as follows: ( a ) Infrastructure Development: Developing critical substructure to back up touristry growing ( B ) Capability Development: Enhancing the capableness of Singapore-based travel and touristry participants every bit good as pulling universe category travel and touristry concerns and organisations to put up in Singapore ( degree Celsius ) Anchoring Iconic/Major Events: Attracting iconic or mega events that will foreground Singapore as a premier finish for Leisure, Business and Services client sections ( vitamin D ) Merchandise Development: Developing strategic touristry merchandises Can you believe of another disadvantage? I can non happen a manner to reply his first remark: ( Sorry Option: Changing Percepts and Images Singapore ‘s tourer attractive forces are turning older and losing entreaty ; therefore the demand for makeovers. After Jurong Bird park ‘s S $ 10A ­million makeover, visitant Numberss rose by 11 %[ 4 ]. Therefore, STB has allocated capital, through enterprises like BOOST[ 5 ]/Tourism Development Fund[ 6 ], of which a part of the financess are used to upgrade these tourer attractive forces. This alternate purposes to increase the satisfaction degree of tourers here such that they will be more likely to do repetition visits or utilize recommend Singapore as a finish ( viva-voce ) . Ensures that our attractive forces are invariably renewed, to heighten their entreaty to foreign tourers. These upgraded attractive forces can besides profit locals who visit these topographic points and better their satisfaction degree. Option: Collaboration MICE ( Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions ) touristry is one of the fastest turning sectors of the planetary touristry industry today. It involves states join forcesing with event organisers to keep their international events here. Through these events, more than 25 % of visitants to Singapore were attracted due to MICE touristry. Singapore organises around 6000 of such events every twelvemonth[ 7 ], such as the 2009 APEC ( Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ) Summit and the 2007 World Bank International Monetary Fund meeting. Raises Singapore ‘s profile in the universe, because these concern travelers would be exposed to the Singapore civilization and therefore would be more cognizant of our state. Generates gross for the touristry industry and related service suppliers. The Singapore Tourism Board estimates that by 2015, MICE touristry will lend a important 35 % of touristry gross.[ 8 ] Exhibition infinite is required for these concern events. Capital invested by the organizers to engage the needed work force and maintain and run these event infinites is diverted from local development utilizations. In the instance of a letup, the exhibition infinite is besides wasted. Need for options: We see that there was a demand for options because Singapore can non let our touristry industry to flag, due to the economical importance of our touristry industry, as established earlier. However, the effectivity of the convention, advertisement, is limited. The publicity runs conducted by STB purpose to alter favorably the tourer ‘s perceptual experience of Singapore as a tourer finish such that the person will be more likely to pick Singpore as a finish of pick. However, it was shown that merely about advertisement through the mass media merely brings in approximately 60 % of tourers. Therefore there was a demand to utilize other options to supplement the convention. Result: We see that the alternate methods have in fact rejuvenated Singapore ‘s touristry industry such that we are come oning along paths A or B on Diagram 1, because we see that visitant reachings have started on an upward tendency since 2003 and have been go oning on this tendency, which indicates that these options have been successful. I ‘m regretful, I truly can non believe of anything: ( Another manner from which we will travel on to farther measure the degree of success with mention to other lending factors in our Undertaking would be from the point of position of the assorted stakeholders in Singapore ‘s touristry industry, by measuring the impact of an increased figure of tourers to Singapore on the stakeholders, to acquire a more complete position of the impact of these options.By analyzing the benefits of advancing Singapore ‘s touristry industry to the assorted stakeholders, we see that the publicity of touristry industry in Singapore is besides similar to the publicity of Literature to Singapore ‘s young persons.Stakeholders Benefits to Stakeholder Foreign Visitors/Tourists Tourists benefit from the convenience of circuit bundles in the SEA part, because of the easiness of which they can travel from one finish to another. Furthermore, the improved touristry services will guarantee that tourers enjoy their stay more, guaranting in a higher degree of satisfaction for them. Locals Locals will be able to bask the upgraded installations, the consequence of touristry greening. These tourer attractive forces will besides hike employment in Singapore, because of the demand to engage Singaporeans to run these attractive forces, which would assist to cut down the unemployment rate in Singapore. Furthermore, when there is an increasing figure of tourers sing Singapore, the greater involvement by foreign visitants in Singapore ‘s local civilization will promote locals to be proud of this local civilization of theirs, and experience more inclined to protect it, STB A better executing tourer industry would bring forth more gross for the touristry industry in Singapore. Service Providers ( e.g. hotels ) When the tourer volume is increased, this benefits all the suppliers of subordinate services, such as hotels, because there will be a rise in the figure of tourers necessitating housing.2nd state of affairs which can be considered in a similar manner:2nd state of affairs: Promoting young person ‘s involvement in English Literature ( Poetry, Prose and Theatrical surveies )Conventional manner to advance literature:1. Humanistic disciplines tripsHumanistic disciplines trips are organized by secondary schools in Singapore for pupils. These abroad trips conducted during the school vacations, present pupils with the chance to see topographic points like United Kingdom, which is one of the chief beginnings of English Literature. As the cost of the fieldtrip is partly subsidized by schools carry oning them, pupils are to a great extent encouraged to fall in in these larning journeys. The UK Literature trip is frequently conducted with the purpose to: Supply an chance for a selected group of pupils to be exposed to UK ‘s rich literacy and cultural heritage Enhance pupils ‘ apprehension of literacy genres and critical analysis accomplishments through practical unfavorable judgment and authorship exercisings Learn independency and leading accomplishments as pupils are endeavored to look after themselves and one another over the full trip Allow pupils to hold a first-hand experience and further apprehension of the lives of assorted celebrated dramatists such as William Shakespeare every bit good have sing renowned dramas in celebrated theaters. Students frequently have to finish a undertaking during or after a trip, which could be in the signifier of a presentation of their experiences there or more literature-based assignments such as composing a verse form, inspired from what they see. As there is no right or incorrect replies in literature, pupils have the freedom to exert their creativeness – in contrast to the strict and stiff course of study of other topics. This can trip an involvement in literature among pupils. However, the figure of topographic points available for such trips frequently limited to less than 50 people and therefore merely a little proportion of the cohort will be able to go to it. Furthermore, an 8 twenty-four hours trip will be a pupil approximately SGD $ 3000 after subsidy, which may discourage pupils from subscribing up for the trip. A big proportion of the pupil population will non be able to take portion in this enriching journey.2. Integration of play into the lower secondary course of studyDrama as mandatory faculty in course of study -Many secondary schools in Singapore integrated play as a compulsory faculty in lower secondary as portion of the instruction for literature. Outside trainers ( normally attached to theatre companies ) are frequently employed to run workshops for the pupils. Students have to move out parts of a drama in forepart of an audience in groups, in which they are graded for the concluding merchandise every bit good as the procedure of fixing for it. They have to carry through the different functions required in the readying of a drama such the manager and the histrions, with the aid of a instructor or trainer for counsel. This serves to: Spur pupils ‘ imaginativeness, as they may be required to improvize and compose their ain version of the dramas. Allow pupils to derive a greater penetration into the drama they are moving every bit good as into play as pupils will hold an in-depth apprehension of the drama before they are able to move it out Improve teamwork and leading accomplishments as pupil have to work in groups and settle jobs that may happen by themselves Construct up assurance Promote literature as a merriment topic that is non merely bound to the schoolroom and booksCompetitions-Inter-class Drama Competition can be carried out in lower secondary that allows pupils to take up specific functions of characters in the literature drama and move it out in forepart of an audience. This builds assurance in pupils every bit good as to derive a better apprehension of characters in the novel and able to analyze the text better. This builds involvement in lower secondary pupils as they get to see dramatisation of characters in the drama and learning literature through a merriment and prosecuting manner. -Literature Den Competition can be carried out in lower secondary, with the purpose of adorning the schoolroom harmonizing to a subject given. Themes include names of poets ( e.g. Ted Hughes and Sylvia Plath ) or a celebrated quotation mark from a literature text. This enables us to acquire to cognize more about celebrated poets or quotation marks and it creates a new acquisition environment and raise consciousness of celebrated poets and quotation marks of the yesteryear. -Literature Broadcast Competition can be carried out for literature dramas as pupils take up a function of a character in the drama and convey feelings and messages of characters through the broadcast. This encourages pupils to be involved in broadcast medium and besides to set themselves in the places of the character and this AIDSs character analysis and hence builds up involvement in the topic.Link:Our alternate attacks for the 1st state of affairs where touristry is promoted and aliens are attracted to see Singapore to come to see and research our local civilization in bend helps in advancing our civilization and maintaining our heritage alive.This is similar to our options to advance Literature ( 2nd state of affairs ) as by promoting pupils to demo an involvement and larn more about the plants of art that gaining control niceties of people ‘s lives ( foreign and local civilization ) , we are besides assisting to advance the civilization as expressed in Literary texts. More significantly, we see that similar options can be efficaciously used in these similar state of affairss, because the effectivity of these steps can be seen through an rating of the instance survey, and because our aims for both state of affairss and the constructs behind the options are similar, this is an appropriate comparing. For our instance survey, the aim of utilizing these options was to pull more tourers to Singapore, which is similar to the aim of our application, which is to pull more local lower secondary school pupils to be interested in Literature. Furthermore, the constructs behind the several alternate attacks of altering perceptual experience and images and coactions are similar for both the instance survey and the application. Since these options were successful for the former, this shows that we can follow similar steps for the latter to successfully accomplish our aims. Why we need to see options[ 9 ]? Target Group: Lower Secondary pupils Aim: To pull more Lower Secondary pupils to show an involvement in Literature In May 1995, an article in the Straits Times suggested a diminution in literature registration for â€Å" O † degree surveies in Singapore. A turning tendency, it was reported, was for schools, required by the Ministry of Education to offer literature as a compulsory topic for the first two old ages of secondary school, to offer the topic as an option merely for Secondary 3 or 4 pupils. Even though one of the purposes of doing pupils study literature in lower secondary is to let pupils to detect the joy of literature, most pupils do non take up literature as a â€Å" O † degree topic as it seen to be a harder topic to hit good in. Hence in order to advance literature and promote more pupils to take up literature as an examinable topic in upper secondary every bit good as to better their linguistic communication and higher-order thought accomplishments, the sort of originative or critical thought necessary for Singapore ‘s hereafter as an economically developed state, our group will wish to research options to advance literature among pupils in Singapore.Alternate 1: â€Å" Makeover of Literature † ALiterature is the Hagiographas in which look and signifier, in connexion with thoughts of lasting and cosmopolitan involvement, are characteristic or indispensable characteristics, as poesy, novels, history, life, and essays. Literature was seen as a depository of humanistic and religious values which might defy the pragmatism and increasing philistinism of mundane Singaporean life. Wayss to advance literature in Singapore: AMaking Literature MainstreamAdvertise and increase the figure of picks of books to take from so as to provide more to involvements of assorted literature partisans who have involvements in different genres e.g. horror. Ad runs can be held to alter the perceptual experience of Literature to youths in Singapore by demoing them that Literature is really non tiring as many might believe through agencies ( This is similar to the alternate attack for our 1st state of affairs where attractive forces are given makeovers to heighten their ocular entreaty to tourers ) such as new media. Puting up an online forum e.g. on Facebook where pupils can discourse Literature texts. This forum can be used by anyone, be it those who are interested in Literature or those who are merely looking about. This helps to make a common space/platform for pupils to prosecute in treatments with others sharing the same passion for the topic. Furthermore, Literature can be promoted as a topic that non merely analyse and examine texts but besides popular movies/television series. This helps in altering the typical perceptual experience of people that Literature is a deadening and irrelevant topic due to its content which focuses on dramas by William Shakespeare whose plants may non be applicable in present society. Introduce literature grasp hebdomad in schools where tickets to see dramas can be on sale to hopefully pull upon the pupils ‘ wonder of literature or their passion for it to prosecute in theatrical grasp which is an indispensable portion of Literature. By carry oning trips to research the different facets of Literature Studies, pupils will be more interested in the topic as it opens their eyes to the facets and might trip their passion for literature. Schools can besides ask for local/ abroad companies or possibly, the school ‘s play CCA to execute for the school ‘s assembly during literature grasp hebdomad so as to provide to those pupils who are unwilling or unable to watch dramas.A2. Introduce educational games refering to literature so as to raise involvement in the topic and promote more pupils to take it as an examinable topic for national scrutinies. A An illustration is to modify board games, such as monopoly, and inculcate literature into the game. ‘Chance ‘ and ‘community chest ‘ cards can be replaced with literature quotation marks, texts or devices that may necessitate one to province the beginning of quotation mark, name a character in the book or explicate literary devices severally. These games can be used during lessons so that even if a pupil has no involvement in playing it in the first topographic point, the pupil will hold to play it. This might trip his involvement in literature. Other games such as tabu or pictionary can besides be modified, such as including quotation marks and devices in the game of tabu and pulling important scenes in a peculiar literature text in the instance of pictionary. By leting pupils to larn and derive consciousness of literature in a merriment and prosecuting mode, their involvement will be raised and they might see taking up literature as an examinable topic in their secondary and third instruction. AWOULD THE ALTERNATIVES BE SUCCESSFUL? IF SO, WOULD THE ALTERNATIVES RESULT IN A MORE SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME THAN IF THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD IS ADOPTED?The result will be successful as launching of runs will raise consciousness and facilitate acquisition of literature surveies among the pupils. To demo the success of our alternate, we could: Expression at instance surveies of other runs that were antecedently launched in Singapore. An illustration is The Speak Mandarin Campaign ( e ®?a?Ze? ­eaS? ) , which is a year-around run that uses promotion and activities in the community to make consciousness and to ease the acquisition of Mandarin. As portion of the run to advance greater usage, the English newspaper The Straits Times publishes day-to-day Mandarin vocabulary lessons, used Television game shows and music public presentations by local dad stars to increase consciousness in young persons. We can hence measure the success and failure of these attacks taken and see these facets while implementing our undertaking as our mark audience is similar. This can be done as it is similar Interview teachers/ forces from the English Language and Literature Teachers Association ( ELLTAS ) on the importance of fostering thought persons through taking up literature. This purpose of the interview is to help our group in deriving more cognition about the elaborate course of study of Literature surveies in Singapore and specific facets of Literature surveies that are of relevancy to pupils. By deriving this information, our group can better our option for e.g. the alteration of board games to run into the demands of the topic. Surveies can be carried out to happen out if pupils are willing/ unwilling to choose for literature as an examinable topic and why/why non. Suggestions to increase registration of literature pupils can besides be seek for in the studies. Sample Survey Purpose: To happen out pupils ‘ current perceptual experiences and apprehension of Literature Target Group: Secondary school and Junior College Students No. Question 1 Presently, what degree are you analyzing at? Lower Secondary Upper Secondary Junior College None of the above If ( a ) , delight skip to Question 3. 2 Are you studying/Do you plan to analyze Literature as an examinable topic at the ‘A ‘ Levels? Yes No 3 Are you studying/Did you study/Do you plan to Literature as an examinable topic at the ‘O ‘ Levels? Yes, Pure Literature. Yes, Literature Elective. No 4 On a graduated table of 1 to 10, delight rate your involvement in Literature. _____ ( 1 being wholly disinterested, 10 being highly passionate about ) Why?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5 On a graduated table of 1 to 10, how utile do you believe Literature is? _____ ( 1 being wholly useless, 10 being crucially utile ) Why?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 Make you happen that Literature is of import because of the analytical accomplishments it teaches? Strongly Agree Agree Impersonal Disagree Strongly Disagree 7 Make you happen that Literature is of import because it is a signifier of civilization and heritage through which old coevalss can go through down their ways of life and beliefs to future coevalss? Strongly Agree Agree Not certain Disagree Strongly Disagree 8 Make you happen that Literature is of import because it stimulates the treatment and idea of controversial or problematic issues covered in the text? Strongly Agree Agree Not certain Disagree Strongly Disagree 9 In your sentiment, is adequate being done to advance Literature among young persons in Singapore? Yes Not certain No If no, do you hold any suggestions on how you feel Literature should be promote among young persons in Singapore?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10 How supportive would you be of new options to advance Literature to youths in Singapore? For illustration, would you take part in events organized to observe Literature or play games designed with elements of Literature in it? Very Supportive Supportive Slightly Unsupportive Very unsupportiveAlternate 2: â€Å" Collaboration †Wayss to advance literature in Singapore:In our 2nd option, our group proposes that schools tie-up with art administrations and local authors/poets.AThe event, in the signifier of a just, will be held in secondary schools with the mark audience being lower secondary school pupils who are hesitating over their capable combination options. The timeframe of the event will be one twenty-four hours during school course of study, sooner after the end-of-year scrutinies of lower secondary school pupils so that they will hold more free clip due to more flexible timetables after scrutinies. The carnival will include activities go arounding around literature grasp. Besides being able to bask the public presentations, pupils will be given the chances to travel wing to larn more about the humanistic disciplines such as presenting inquiries to the performing artists etc. This construct of supplying a carnival will be new as our group aims to suggest a alone blend of local and foreign literature show windows coupled with dramas and public presentations put up by theatrical companies to be catered for schools ( content will be sooner related to the pupils ‘ coursework ) .A There will besides be coaction between schools and local writers and poets where they will be invited to put up booths at these carnivals and to offer pupils with relevant replies on inquiries asked regarding Literature. By supplying pupils the context of Literature through the position of the local poets/authors, the pupils will be exposed to a more interesting point of view of the topic. A The general diminution in literature registration for â€Å" O † degree surveies in Singapore has provoked a minute of contemplation about the function of literature in Singapore society. Public figures commented on the utility of literature ; school instructors, applied scientists, and physicians wrote letters and Straits Times columnist Ravi Veloo proposed that â€Å" O † degree literature be made compulsory for all pupils. Therefore ; our option will take to work hand-in-hand with lifting recognition of the importance to advance literature in Singapore. We will be forming this event in schools who are advocates of the point of view of the importance of Literature from the fact that literature can be seen as a depository of humanistic and religious values which might defy the pragmatism and increasing philistinism of mundane Singaporean life. Besides, the publicity of Literature can be seen as encouraging higher-order thought accomplishments, the sort of originative o r critical thought necessary for Singapore ‘s hereafter as an economically developed state. Aside from the chief mark audience of lower secondary school pupils, upper secondary pupils who are interested to heighten their cognition and involvement for Literature are besides encouraged and invited to take portion in the event. A An illustration of a play studio that can be considered for coaction is Drama Box. Their educational arm, NeNeMa, have conducted synergistic dramas for schools every bit good as workshops specially tailored for pupils, instructors and corporate clients utilizing. Within a short 6-month period in 2004, they have reached more than 5,000 pupils and 400 instructors through their dramas and workshops1.Their popularity among school populations substantiates their professionalism in carry oning dramas. Therefore, Drama Box serves to be a good pick of organisation to near should our group decides to transport out a pilot trial in which the carnival would be held. A On the other manus, an writer that could be approached for coaction with schools is Mr Tan Swie Hian, who in 1987 and 1998 severally, was awarded the Cultural Medallion in Singapore and won the Marin Sorescu International Poetry Prize in Romania.A The principle behind this attack is to perchance trip students'A involvement in literature, as in today ‘s society, literature is being overlooked invariably due to the outgrowth of popular civilization. By utilizing this attack, we hope that literature will one time once more go popular with today ‘s youth.A In order to demo if this attack is successful, we can inquire the authors/poets for the figure of pupils who signed up for their classs and we can give out studies to the pupils to acquire their sentiment about such events which aim to advance literature.A A restriction is that the authors/poets might non be free to carry on such things such as the authorship classs. In order to get the better of this, we can seek to reach literature instructors who might be willing to make such things due to their strong passion in learning and distributing his/her love for literature to the following coevals.WOULD THE ALTERNATIVE BE SUCCESSFUL? IF SO, WOULD THIS ALTERNATIVE RESULT IN A MORE SUCCESSFUL OUTCOME THAN IF THE CONVENTIONAL METHOD IS ADOPTED?The result will be successful as coaction with humanistic disciplines organisation and local authors/poets in forming carnivals perverts from conventional methods of learning which pupils find deadening or uncreative. By broadening the types of learning methods employed, pupils will break appreciate the topic as a whole and be more interested in the topics as rigidness in the course of study is eliminated. This alternate attack will be more successful than the conventional manner as it caters to a larger group of mark audience. Unlike the Literature trip which merely a little selected group of pupils can be offered the chance, the coaction with local poets/authors caters to more pupils and is larger-scale and more encompassing that the conventional method. Primary research methodological analysis: Collaborate with local authors/poets to organize interaction Sessionss at schools to advance literature. Conduct study to see what pupils feel about such Sessionss and how the session has changed how they view literature. Conduct interviews with authors/poets to acquire their sentiments on how literature has affected society over the old ages ( or frailty versa ) , how literature can be farther promoted, etc. A

How did Stalin come to power and stay there? Essay

Stalin came to power in 1929, after out-manoeuvring his opposition in the Communist Party through political scheming and taking advantage of the mistakes they made. He stayed in power by getting rid of his opponents in brutal and unfair ways. It took Stalin 5 years to become completely established as Lenin’s successor. Stalin started his climb to power when Lenin gave him the important job of requisitioning grain from Southern farmers in order to feed the North. As a reward for this, Lenin made him responsible for the Red Army in the South. This brought him in direct conflict with Trotsky. He was then given the position of General Secretary of the party. By taking on many important jobs he was able to create an important power base because he had many supporters who owed their position to him. Before Lenin died, he had to decide who would succeed him; the obvious two choices were Trotsky and Stalin. Although it was very close Lenin had wanted Trotsky to be the one, this was a major draw back for Stalin. No one really knew about this until after Lenin died. Lenin’s funeral was a good time for Stalin to be back at the top. Before the funeral he had told Trotsky, who was ill at the time, that it was on a different date to the time it really was. As Trotsky was out of the picture for a while, it meant Stalin could take the glory for organising the funeral and leading the mourning. When Trotsky arrived for what he thought was the date of the funeral, he was told that he had missed it and this put him out of favour with the people of Russia. When Lenin’s Testament was about to be released to the public, Zinoviev saved Stalin from losing his chance by saying that it was out of date and it was never made public. By this time Stalin was Head of the Control Commission, which meant he could purge and expel members who were unreliable and control party membership. He was also made the party’s Orgburo; this meant he ran its’ organisational matters. By this time, Trotsky was furious and in his anger he gave up his only symbol of power by resigning as Commissar of War. Trotsky seriously underestimated the threat that Stalin was to him until it was too late. He was arrogant and often offended other senior Party members and made little effort to build up support for himself in the ranks of the Party. Many people in the USSR were frightened of him because they were worried that he would involve the USSR in new wars. They were tired of war and revolution and Stalin seemed to understand the people’s feelings. Stalin was now in the spotlight; he joined the Rightists, attacked the leftists and forced them out, this left space that was filled immediately by Stalin’s supporters. He then turned on the Rightists, voted then out and filled these spaces with more of his supporters. By his 50th birthday in December 1929, Stalin was finally made Leader of the Soviet Union and Stalin’s supporters now filled most of the Politburo. Once Stalin was in power he found it easy to stay there, through harsh ways he defeated his opponents. As Stalin’s supporters now filled the Politburo, he now had a good relationship with the members, which meant he could make as many new policies as he wanted without having people oppose them. Stalin made new economic and social policies all of which were carried through. As part of his economic policies, Stalin decided to modernise the USSR as it was far behind any other country, technology wise. Stalin himself said, â€Å"We are 50 to 100 years behind the advanced countries.† To start with brought peasants in from the country to towns to work in newly built factories. He dedicated these factories to building artillery. He came up with 3 ‘Five Year Plans’ each of which were set up to enable the USSR to ‘Catch-Up’ with technology. The 1st FYP was dedicated to building new industrial cities from nothing and setting up steel mills in many places. The 2nd FYP was focused on the 1st but built upon it. Heavy industry was still a priority but other areas, such as mining for lead, tin, zinc and other minerals, transport and communications and railways and canals, were developed. The 3rd FYP was in 1938. Some factories were to switch to the production of consumer goods such as, cars, radios, clothing etc; however, this plan was disrupted by the Second World War and so was not completed. Stalin also made some social polices which helped him keep the USSR under control; most of these were harsh and brutal. For example, he arrested people if they had links to Trotsky, he sent workers to labour camps, and he would put people in show trials for making the slightest mistake. These were important because people lived in fear and this made him very powerful because it squashed any opposition. Other policies, however, made him popular because they improved the way people lived, for example he improved living conditions for people throughout the USSR and he made factories produce consumer goods. This made the public happy. Education and religion were also factors of Stalin’s social policies, children in schools were shown pictures of party leaders which they burned when a new person was arrested and churches were closed and the ‘League of Militant Atheists’ was set up. These were both ways of subduing the public into supporting Stalin, which kept him in power longer. Another factor that helped Stalin stay in power was the fact that he was a cult figure; everybody knew Stalin was the leader, whole buildings were covered in portraits of his face and almost everything was named after him. He had many other names such as ‘Man of Steel’, ‘Iron Soldier’ and Universal Genius’, which proved how much the public liked him. People at meetings applauded whenever his name was mentioned and films, poems, plays, stories and novels celebrated his life. It even seemed Stalin could improve some ones love life. This all was a very important factor, which helped Stalin stay in power because he was so popular. Stalin was able to succeed Lenin because he was a very clever politician and planned his rise to power very carefully. He made sure he was close to Lenin so that he was popular with the people. He used the positions of power that he held very shrewdly by making sure that anyone who opposed him lost their job and putting in their place people who would support him. He was very ruthless and played those who opposed him, such as Trotsky and Bukharin, off against one another. Once in power he ruled by fear by controlling the people so that they would be too afraid to oppose him. He used the secret police to crush any opposition. He remained popular with the people by developing the ‘Cult of the Personality’; history was rewritten so that Lenin and Stalin were the only heroes of the Revolution. He used propaganda to good effect especially in Education. Portraits, photographs and statues of Stalin were everywhere and everything was done to promote Stalin from street names to poems about him or music composed praising him. Religious worship was banned, as he did not want the people to have any loyalty other than to him. Stalin had control of everything, from the economy to the mass media and freedom of speech was denied to Soviet citizens. So it was by these means that Stalin was able to take power and hold on to it after Lenin’s death. Bibliography: My Coursework Book Modern World History Text Book

Archimedes theory of a circle ABCD and a triangle K

Archimedes theory of a circle ABCD and a triangle K Archimedes compared the area enclosed by a circle to a right triangle whose base has the length of the circle’s circumference and whose height equals the circle’s radius. If the area of the circle is not equal to that of the triangle, then it must be either greater or less. He then eliminates each of these by contradiction, leaving equality as the only possibility. Archimedes’ proof consists of constructing a circle ABCD and a triangle K. Archimedes starts by inscribing a square in the circle and bisects the segments of arc AB, BC, CD, DE subtended by the sides of the square. Afterwards he proceeds to inscribe another polygon on the bisected points. He repeats this process until the difference in area between the circle and the inscribed polygon is smaller than the difference between the area of the circle and the area of the triangle. The polygon is then greater than the triangle K. Archimedes then proceeds to explain that a line from the center of the polygon to the bisection of one of its sides is shorter than the radius of the circle, and its circumference is smaller than the circumference of the circle. This disproves the statement that the polygon is greater than the triangle, since the legs of the triangle are made up of the radius and circumference of the circle. The triangle K cannot be both smaller and larger than the polygon, and thus cannot be smaller than the circle. After Archimedes proved that that the triangle cannot be smaller than the circle, he continues to prove that the triangle cannot be larger than the circle, either. This is accomplished by first assuming the triangle K to be larger than the circle ABCD. Then, a square is circumscribed around the circle so that lines drawn from the center of the circle will go through the points A, B, C, and D and bisect the corners of the square, one of which Archimedes labels T. Archimedes then connects the sides of the square with a tangent line and labels the points at which the line meets the square G and F. He goes on to say that because TG GA GH, the triangle formed by FTG is larger than half the area of the difference in area between the square and the circle. Archimedes uses the fact that continual bisecting of the arc of a circle will produce a polygon with this characteristic to assert that continuing this method will ultimately produce a polygon around the circle such that the difference in area between the polygon and the circle is less than the difference in area between the triangle K and the circle. The polygon is thus less in area than the triangle K The length of a line from the center of the circle to a side of the polygon is equal to the radius of the circle. However, the perimeter of the polygon is larger in length than the circumference of the circle, and since the circumference of the circle is equal to the length of the longer leg of the triangle, the polygon must be larger in area than the triangle K. Again, the triangle cannot be both larger and smaller than the polygon, so the triangle cannot be larger than the circle. Archimedes accomplished to prove his theory by using contradiction. After he proved that the triangle with legs equal to the radius and circumference of a given circle is not greater or less in area than that circle he concludes that the two must be equal in area.